毕业设计英文翻译精要.docxVIP

附录：英文翻译 附录Ⅰ：英文翻译 Fig. 6.64. Gearbox diagram and gearshift pattern of a conventional 6-speed automatic gearbox (ZF), production design Figure 12.48 In fourth (direct) gear, clutches A and B are closed and planetary gear set III rotates as a block. Reversing the rotational direction in reverse gear is achieved by the clutch C and the brake F. With a ratio ranging from 3.43 in first gear to 0.59 in sixth gear, the overall gear ratio of the transmission amounts to 5.81 [6.11–6.12, 6.27, 6.47]. 6.7.5 Commercial Vehicle Hybrid Drives Serial hybrid powertrains have a practical relevance for commercial vehicles. They have no mechanical coupling of the engine to the wheels (see Section 3.2.4). The serial hybrid drive has the advantage of being highly flexible in terms of the selection of an electrical energy supply source. The following are possible: ? Diesel generator set: This design exhibits the features of the serial hybrid powertrain described in Section 3.2.4. An optional electrical energy accumulator (electrochemical battery or doublelayer capacitors) can be used in the intermediate voltage circuit between the generator and the traction motor(s). The energy storage unit can be used for intermediate storage of energy recuperated during braking or for carrying out purely electric vehicle operation without the combustion engine. ? Fuel cell: In this case, the supply of electric power carried out by the traction motor(s) is taken over by a fuel cell (see Section 3.2.3). A hybridisation with an additional battery is recommendable to ensure a system capable of recuperation. ? Overhead contact line: The supply of electric power carried out by the traction motor(s) can also be taken over by an overhead contact system, e.g. for city bus applications. With such applications, a small diesel generator may be used to enable manoeuvring operation without recourse to the overhead contact system. Basic system components of a serial hybrid drive: ? Generator: preferably a permanent-ma