中国文化概论 A SURVEY OF CHINESE CULTURE.pptVIP

Following the Three Kingdoms Period were consecutively the Jin Dynasty（AD 265—420）, the 16 Kingdoms（AD 304—439）, the Southern and Northern Dynasties（AD—420-589）and the Sui Dynasty（AD 581—618）. By the year 618, the Tang Dynasty（AD 618—907）, the commonly-regarded glorious period in Chinese history, was founded by Li Yuan. Following the Tang Dynasty came the period of the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms（AD 907—979）. In 960, Zhao Kuangyin launched a rebellion. His lieutenants（随从将领）clothed him in the yellow imperial gown and asked him to ascend the throne（登基）. Thus, the established the Song Dynasty（960—1279）. In 1209, Genghis Khan成吉思汗 founded the Mongol Empire upon his unification of the scattered Mongol tribes. Kublai忽必烈, a grandson of Genghis Khan, swept southward across Central China in 1271 and founded the Yuan Dynasty（1271—1368）with Dadu（now Beijing）as the capital. In 1368 the Ming Dynasty（1368—1644）was founded by Zhu Yuanzhang(明太祖）. During the later period of the Ming Dynasty, a new military power in the northeast of China arose. Led by Nu’erhachi（努尔哈赤）, their chieftain（首领）, the Manchu tribesmen on horsebacks fought with the Ming forces for 3 generations at the Great Wall, and finally established the Qing Dynasty（1616—1911）. The Modern Times The Opium War（鸦片战争）was the turning point in Chinese history which marked the close of ancient period and the beginning of the modern history. From 1840 on, imperialists made continuous inroads（侵犯）into China, and China gradually became a country of semi-feudal, semi-colonial status. The Qing Dynasty, the last of China’s feudal dynasties, was finally overthrown by the Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen（1866—1925）. One year later, the Republic of China was founded under his leadership. With the introduction of Marxism and Leninism into China and under the influence of the Oct Revolution in Russia, the May 4th Movement broke out in 1919, and in 1921 the Chinese Communist Party was founded, thus beginning a new period in Chi