南京林业大学材料科学和工程专业专业英语1.docVIP

Chapter 1 Wood 1，Classification of woody plants（木本植物的分类） hardwood——阔叶材 softwood，conifer——针叶材 cone——圆锥体；球果 vessel——导管 pore——孔 ring porous——环孔材 2，Wood as a Renewable Natural Resource (木材作为可持续的自然资源) veneer——单板 *什么是木材？ Wood is the hard , fibrous tissue that comprises the major part of stems , branches and roots of trees belonging to the plant groups known as the gymnosperms and the dicotyledonous angiosperms . Its function in living trees is to transport liquids , provide mechanical support , store food and produce secretions . 3，Structure of Wood （木材的结构） trunk——树的主干 lumber——板材；木板 grain——纹理 *木材的结构 The fibrous nature of wood strongly influences how it is used. Wood is primarily composed of hollow, elongate cells that are arranged parallel to each other along the trunk of a tree. When lumber and other products are cut from the tree, the characteristics of these fibrous cells and their arrangement affect such properties as strength and shrinkage as well as the grain pattern of the wood. This part briefly describes some elements of wood structure. 3.1bark，wood branches, and cambium cross section——横截面；横切面 bark——树皮 cambium——形成层 sapwood——边材 heartwood——芯材 pith——髓心 wood rays——木射线 radial plane——径向 3.2sapwood and heartwood extractive——抽提物 black walnut——黑胡桃 cherry——樱桃木 preservatives——防腐剂 3.3growth rings（生长轮） earlywood ——早材 springwood ——早材 latewood ——晚材 summer wood ——晚材 southern pines——南方松 （包括：西黄松；火炬松） ring-porous ——环孔材 环孔材阔叶材（ash：水曲柳 hickory：山核桃 oak：橡木） 3.4wood cells resin——树脂 fiber——纤维（阔叶材才有） tracheid——管胞（针叶材） vessel——导管 pore——管孔 wood ray ——木射线 parenchyma——薄壁细胞 3.5chemical composition（化学构成） 木材三大素——纤维素；半纤维素；木素 cellulose——纤维素 hemicellulose——半纤维素 lignin——木素 extraneous materials——抽提物 formula——分子式 hygroscopicity——吸湿性 resin——树脂 wax——石蜡 3.6species identification（树种识别） *species——树种，一般以复数形式出现 4，Characteristic Properties of Wood 木材——wood；lumber；ti