2010年高考语法复习--介词.docVIP

介词一、介词的分类1.介词不能单独作句子的成分，而是用来表示名词或代词等和句中其他词之间的关系，通常放在名词或代词之前，构成介词短语。根据结构，介词主要分成四种：1）简单介词：about, across, after, against, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, but, by, down, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, near, round, since, to, under, up, with等等。2）合成介词：inside, into, outside, throughout, upon, without, within3）短语介词：according to, along with, apart from, because of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, owing to, up to, with regard to4）分词介词：considering, regarding, including, concerning2.从意思上考虑，介词可分为下面三类：1）引导时间短语的介词：at, on, in, during, before, after, over, from, following, by, till, until, towards, for, throughout, upon, since, pending, all through, prior to2) 引导地点状语的介词：in, at, across, to, down, under, near, between, over, from, into, through, onto, off, outside, out of, inside, within, beside, behind, below, among, beyond, against, around, before, up, ahead of, via, in front of, under, along, past, opposite, above, next to3) 引导其他短语的介词：by, with, about, except, like, of, according to, instead of, without, in, due to, because of, along with, as for, in spite of, on account of owing to, on behalf of, against, apart from, for, failing, plus, including, in regard to, with regard to二、介词短语在句子中的作用1.作状语介词短语表示时间、地点、方式和原因等。如：Class begins at half past seven. (时间) 7时半开始上课。His parents work on a farm. (地点) 他父母在农场工作。She came here by train. (方式) 她乘火车来这里。You don’t have to worry about that. (原因) 你不必为那件事担心。2. 作定语作定语用的介词短语应放在所修饰的名词之后。如：The book on the desk is very interesting. 书桌上的那本书很有趣。The young man from Guilin is my uncle.? 从桂林来的那位年轻人是我叔叔。We visited the museum in the centre of the city. 我们参观了市中心的博物馆。3. 作表语在系动词后的介词短语用作表语。如：My father was in the army two years ago.? 两年前我父亲在部队。This book will be of great use to you.? 这本书对你会有很大的用处。ake yourself at home 请随便一些 We found her in danger.我们发现他身处危险中。 5. 介词宾语I saw her from across the street.我从街对面望见了她。三、常用介词的用法表示时间的介词一at, on, in　　 (A) at表示“在某一时刻，某一时点”。如： I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6点起床。 注：at daybreak在黎明