欧洲文化入门(Marxism Darwinism).pptVIP

* 2. Ideas of Evolution before Darwin * Lamarck拉马克 * French naturalist 法国博物学家 * the first man whose conclusion on the subject of evolution excited much attention Sir Charles Lyell 莱伊尔 英国地质学家 根据自己的研究坚持认为 地球表 面的所有特征都是长时间细微的自 然作用形成的，并且通过研究现在 即可推测出过去 的地质变化。 ** Principle of Geology 《地质学原理》 II. Darwinism (达尔文主义) 1. General Introduction a. discovered the law governing the 　　　 evolution of man himself　 　　　(the theory of evolution　进化论） b. For many centuries before him, people in the west had led to believe each verse of the Bible as literally true that all living things were created by God, but Darwin declared that every living thing on earth evolved from one or a few common ancestors, which greatly shook the world. 3.Life of Charles Darwin Born in England in 1809 Education Scientific expedition Alfred Russel Wallace亚尔佛德·罗素·华莱士英国博物学家以和达尔文共同(1858)发表「物竞天择」理论驰名。 the theory of evolution　进化论 Contains four major arguments: 1. New species appear 2. Those new species have evolved from old species. 3. The evolution of species is the result of natural selection. 4. And the natural selection depends on variation and the maintenance of variation in spite of the tendency of natural selection to eliminate unfit variants. 4. Darwin’s works and theory On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection 《物种起源》 The essence of Darwin’s theory of evolution 达尔文论述生物进化的重要著作，出版于1859年。该书大概是19世纪最具争议的著作，其中的观点大多数 为当今的科学界普遍接受。 在该书中，达尔文首次提出了进化论的观点。 Ｎot everyone likes Darwin Darwin 达尔文 Man, the wonder and glory of the universe. 人，宇宙的奇迹和光荣。 We must, however, acknowledge, as it seems to me, that men with all his noble qualities, …still bears in his bodily frame the indelible stamp of his lowly origin. 可是在我看来，我们必须懂得：具有崇高品质的人… …在体格上仍然带有出身低贱的不可磨灭的印记 Survival of the Fittest. 适者生存 马尔萨斯 《人口论》