经济驾驶摘要.ppt

Situation情势(现状): Fuel is becoming more and more expensive 燃料价格越来越高 Increased operating costs 运行成本不断增加. By driving carefully, we achieve 谨慎驾驶, 以达到 lower fuel consumption levels = less environmental pollution 较低油耗=较少的环境污染 the same speeds 相同的速度 increased safety 增加安全系数 better vehicle - economic viability 更好的车辆 - 经济适应性 more enjoyment from driving 从驾驶中得到更多的乐趣 INTRODUCTION  引 言 During this training session, you will “experience” the following issues 在此培训中,你将“体验“以下问题 What options do we have for reducing fuel consumption? 为降低油耗有哪些选择? How do we reduce drive resistances? 如何降低行驶阻力? How can our own driving style reduce fuel consumption?怎样的驾驶习惯可以降低油耗? Losses from a diesel engine 柴 油 发 动 机 功率损 耗 Only approx. 48 % is converted into mechanical performance 只有大约 48% 的能量转换为机械能输出 Diesel engine losses柴 油 发 动 机 的 损 失 Efficiency效率 Every engine has a certain degree of efficiency 每一种发动机都有一定的效率. The efficiency of a combustion engine is understood as being the ratio between input energy (fuel) and the effectively utilizable output power. 我们所了解的内燃机的效率是输入能量(燃料)与有效利用的输出能量之比率. Energy losses result in only a share of the energy being available to move the vehicle. 能量的损失导致仅部分能量被用于驱动车辆. Energy losses能量损耗: Losses through the exhaust and lost heat 排气及散热导致的损失 Friction losses in the engine 发动机内部摩擦引起的损失 Auxiliary units (air compressor, air-conditioning system, generator, fan etc. ) 其它附件(空压机,空调系统,发电机,风扇等等.) Engine characteristic  发 动 机 特 性 曲 线 Engine characteristic  发 动 机 特 性 曲 线 Example举例: 220 hp engine. The engine characteristics provide information about the characteristics of the power and torque curve depending on engine speed, and in so doing indicate the corresponding specific fuel consumption. 发动机特性曲线提供了功率及扭矩对应于发动机转速的特性,并反映了相应的燃油消耗. The power curve of this engine starts at 78 kW (106 bhp ) at 1000 rpm and with increasing speed rises to 162 kW (220 bhp) at 2400 r