2012届高考英语二轮复习精品学案（广东专用）第1模块 完形填空 专题4　说明文型完形填空.docVIP

专题4 说明文型完形填空 专题导读 说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨、句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。 说明文一般有三类：一是实体事例说明文(实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品)。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等。二是事理(事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等)说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等。三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。 说明文完形填空的具体特点：(1)开头点题。做说明文型完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。(2)结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以跟着“作者”走，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。 真题典例 [2010·上海卷] The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece. If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing __1__. What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering，—__2__ revising.Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process. When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had __3__several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber __4__ some of the music because the Phantom’s makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds. When you revise, you change aspects of your work in __5__ to your evolving purpose, or to include __6__ ideas or newly discovered information. Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment.__7__， it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way.Even your decision to __8__ topics while prewriting is a type of revising.However，don’t make the mis