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Unit 3 Text A The Sense of Wonder Ⅰ.背景信息 1.natural selection: The theory of natural selection is based on the idea that living things are in constant competition for limited but essential resources in their environment—such as food, places to hide, and opportunities to breed. Accordingly, natural selection favors any trait that helps an organism on its offspring survive. For example ,the daring shown by birds in the face of a predator near the nest involves the risk of death. Nonetheless, natural selection compensates the risk by increasing the offspring’s chances of survival. Ⅱ.词汇与词组： 1.misfortune n. 1.词语释义：①adversity 逆境，灾难 ②disaster 大祸，灾难 ③accident事故 2.记忆技巧：mis(否定前缀)+fortune（运气）------没有运气------不幸 3.块语集萃：experience ~ 经历不幸 suffer some ~ 遭受种种不幸 a financial ~ 钱财上的损失 a sudden ~ 突如其来的灾难 a man in ~ 处于不幸中的人 ~ never come singly 祸不单行 do something by ~ / have the ~ to do sth 不幸做了某事 4.岐词辨异：disaster, misfortune, tragedy n. 灾难，事故 disaster：在本组词中体现的灾难程度最深，意为“自然灾害，大祸，不幸”，多指由自然力等造成的突然的、出人意料的损失或不幸，有时也可指由人为的错误、机械或结构上的失误造成的“重大损失”。 misfortune：指发生在某人身上的“不幸事故，灾祸”，比其他两个词所体现的灾难程度轻。 tragedy：指“悲惨之事，灾难，不幸”，涉及人数及程度均超过misfortune。 5.四、六级点击： 例1. He believed that the greatest of his ____was that he’d never had a college education.(CET-6,1996.01) A)grieves B)misfortunes C)disasters D)sorrows 答案：B. 句意：他认为他的最大不幸在于他从来没有受过大学教育。 A) grief意为“悲痛，使人悲痛的事”； B）misfortune “不幸，灾祸” C）disaster “灾难” D)sorrow “悲哀，悲痛” 6.词语操练： ①They had the misfortune to be hit by a violent storm. 他们不幸遭到猛烈的暴风雪的袭击。 ②Misfortune struck early in the voyage. 起航不久，灾难就发生了。 2.dim vt. a. 1.词语释义： vt. ①darken 使暗淡，使…看不清楚 ②obscure 使变模糊 a. gloomy , dark, dull, vague 昏暗的，模糊的，朦胧的 2.记忆技巧： 3.块语集萃：dim a light 使灯光转暗 a dim flickering oil lamp 昏暗而闪烁的油灯 eye dim with tears 模糊的泪眼 a dim shape 朦胧的形影 the dim outline of the mountain in the distance 远处影影绰绰的大山轮廓 4.岐词辨义： dim , vague dim：指视觉而言，由于光线不足而导致模糊不清或轮廓难以辨清。