高中英语主谓一致精讲介绍.doc

高中英语语法--主谓一致 概述： 1) 语法形式上要一致,即用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致　2) 意义上要一致,即主语和谓语的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义. 1 并列结构作主语时当意义为复数时谓语用复数 注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词. The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注:在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致. There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 总的来说，在由not only…but also…, not just…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如： Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.　Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致.The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 谓语需用单数 1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数. Each of us has a tape-recorder.There is something wrong with my watch. 2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数. The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. The Arabian Night 是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书. 3) 表示金钱,时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数.(用复数也可,意思不变.)Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定.All is right. (一切顺利.)　All are present. (所有人都到齐了.) 2) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体.His family isnt very large. 他家不是一个大家庭. His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者. 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin等在任何情况下都用复数形式.Are there any police around 3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion,