whatareinstitutionsandgovernance什么是体制和治理-ifad.pptVIP

Governance, institutions and sustainable livelihoods治理，体制和可持续生计 What are institutions and governance? 什么是体制和治理？ Current response to institutional problems 对体制问题的当前反应 Focus on relationships重点讨论机构之间关系 Requirements for governance model 对治理模式的要求 Links to sustainable livelihoods principles 与可持续生计的联系 1) What are institutions and governance?什么是体制和治理？ Institutions consist of rules and agencies 体制是由规则和机构组成 Governance is political concept 治理是一个政治概念 Measures that involve setting the rules for the exercise of power, and settling of conflicts over these rules制定规则来行使权利以及处理规则之间冲突的措施 To understand governance we need:理解治理，我们需要 to separate functions, and分离机构之间的职能，并且 focus on relationships集中于机构之间的关系问题 2) Current responses to institutional problems对体制问题的当前反应 Institutional structures are sometimes seen as ‘fixed’ – a ‘given’, not a variable. We work around them, not with them.体制有时候被看成是“固定的”或“给定的”,而不是一个变量。我们绕着它、而不是对它做工作。 Concerns体制问题的关注点: Accountability责任感 Responsiveness反应 Voice / choice声音/选择 2) Current responses to institutional problems对体制问题的当前反应 We tend to focus on我们重视的往往是: The agencies rather than the ‘rules’ 机构而不是规则 Capacity-building rather than institutional reform 能力建设而不是体制改革 Project rather than institutional structure and governance arrangement 项目而不是体制结构和新的治理安排 Joined-up action is needed需要共同的行动 3) Focus on relationships关注机构之间的“关系” Delivery Agency ----- User 供应组织------ 用户 Relationship:关系： Participation and negotiation 参与和谈判 3) Focus on relationships关注机构之间的“关系” Delivery Agency ----- Enabling Authority 供应组织 ------ 授权机构 Relationship ( 关系）： Contract or agreement:合同或协议 优点 （Advantages ) Improve accountability加强责任感 Introduce measurement采取措施 Increase clarity, but增加清晰度，但也 缺点 ( Negatives) Increase costs and some staff resistance 增加成本和一些员工阻力 3) Focus on relationships关注机构之间的“关系” User --- Enabling Authority (用户--授权机构) 关系（Relationship): Impact assessment影响评价 影响评价的局限性（Limits): Measurement definitions衡量的标准 Projections预测/前景 Causality and attribution因果关系 Valuation评价 4)