猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗_半个世纪回顾_仇华吉.pdf.docVIP

中国农业科学 2005,38(8):1675-1685 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗 半个世纪的回顾 仇华吉， 童光志， 沈荣显 （中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所/兽医生物技术国家重点实验室，哈尔滨 150001） 摘要：猪瘟是一种严重危害养猪业的毁灭性传染病。20 世纪 50 年代中国首创了举世闻名的猪瘟兔化弱毒疫 苗（即 C 株），随后创制了不同的疫苗制造工艺，如细胞培养苗、乳兔组织苗和牛体反应组织苗等。C 株是一株非 常安全的弱毒疫苗，对各种年龄和品种的猪都没有副作用，并且有良好的免疫效力，它能同时诱导体液免疫和细 胞免疫应答，对不同基因型的猪瘟病毒株均能提供有效的免疫保护。免疫母猪通过母乳可对仔猪提供被动免疫保 护，但过高水平的母源抗体会影响仔猪对 C 株疫苗的主动免疫应答。目前已经完成了包括 C 株及其亲本株在内的 几十株猪瘟病毒的全基因组序列测定和注释，建立了猪瘟病毒的反向遗传操作系统，初步解析了猪瘟病毒主要基 因的结构与功能，并构建了不同的反向遗传操作标记疫苗，赋予了 C 株疫苗新的生命和内涵。C 株疫苗可以用于 猪瘟的控制和根除，借助于 C 株疫苗密集接种和综合控制措施，有关国家有效地控制了猪瘟，甚至消灭了猪瘟。 尽管如此，要在全球范围内根除猪瘟，今后依然有漫长的路要走，这可能有赖于对 C 株进行进一步改造和利用。 关键词：猪瘟；猪瘟病毒；猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗 The Lapinized Chinese Strain of Classical Swine Fever Virus： a Retrospective Review Spanning Half a Century QIU Hua-ji, TONG Guang-zhi, SHEN Rong-xian (National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001) Abstract: Classical swine fever (CSF), a list A disease of Office International des Epizooties, is caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV) belonging to the Flaviviridae family. The well-known lapinized Chinese strain of CSFV, also known as C-strain, was developed in China in the middle 1950s. In the past half a century, the vaccine has been proved to be safe and immunogenic in pigs of essentially any age. It is of high efficacy. It provides immunized animals with broad-spectrum, sometimes lifelong, protection, which is contributed by cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity, against essentially all genotypes or subgenotypes of the virus. The maternal antibodies derived from immunized sows can confer solid protection of their offspring from disease; however they have been proved to inhibit the successful immunization of C-vaccine. The complete genome of C-strain, together with those of its parent Shimen and dozens of established and field strains, has been sequenced and annotated. Recently, the reverse genetics system of C-strain has been developed, resultin