会计学资料概论.ppt

* THE FINANCIAL REPORTING ENVIRONMENT Australian Securities and Investments Commission Financial Reporting Council Australian Accounting Standards Board Urgent Issues Group Australian Stock Exchange Regulation in New Zealand Professional Accounting Bodies * Concepts and principles Monetary principle Accounting entity concept Accounting period concept Going concern principle Cost principle Conservation principle Full disclosure principle * Qualitative characteristics Relevance Reliability Comparability Understandability * Constraints in accounting Timeliness Cost versus benefits * ANALYSING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Ratio analysis Expresses relationship among items of financial statement data Expresses mathematical relationship between two different quantities Expressed in terms of percentages, rates or proportions * Profitability Measures operating success of an entity for a given time period Return on assets Indicates amount of net profit generated by each dollar invested in assets Net Profit . Average Total Assets ($ in thousands) 2006 2005 Fantastic Holdings $14 411 = 20.1% $17 372 = 27.4% ($74 842 + $68 513)/2 ($68 513 + $58 152)/2 Nick Scali $8 106 = 34.1% $8 085 = 39.9% ($24 432 + $23 041)/2 ($23 041 + $17 390)/2 * Profitability continued Profit margin Measures percentage each sales dollar that results in profit Profit . Net Sales ($ in thousands) 2006 2005 Fantastic Holdings $14 411 = 6.1% $17 372 = 7.8% $235 295 $222 629 Nick Scali $8 106 = 12.5% $8 085 = 14.8% $65 037 $54 798 * Liquidity Measures short-term ability of entity to pay its maturing obligations and to meet unexpected needs for cash Working Capital Current Assets – Current Liabilities Fantastic Holdings (year ending