USP-5菌效力测试.docVIP

?51?ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTIVENESS TESTING 抗菌的效力测试 Antimicrobial preservatives are substances added to nonsterile dosage forms to protect them from microbiological growth or from microorganisms that are introduced inadvertently during or subsequent to the manufacturing process. In the case of sterile articles packaged in multiple-dose containers, antimicrobial preservatives are added to inhibit the growth of microorganisms that may be introduced from repeatedly withdrawing individual doses. 抗菌防腐剂是实际被添加到有菌的剂量配方里的物质，使他们不受微生物滋长或是被无意中引进到生产过程中的微生物侵害。在无菌包装多剂量配方的容器里，抗菌防腐剂被添加用来抑制由重复添加单剂量所引进的微生物的滋长。 Antimicrobial preservatives should not be used as a substitute for good manufacturing practices or solely to reduce the viable microbial population of a nonsterile product or control the presterilization bioburden of multidose formulations during manufacturing. Antimicrobial preservatives in compendial dosage forms meet the requirements for Added Substancesunder Ingredients and Processesin the General Notices. 抗菌防腐剂不应被作为在良好生产操作中的替代方式使用，或仅是用来减少一个有菌产品的微生物群数量，或是在生产时控制多剂量的微生物量。在剂量表里抗菌防腐剂与添加的要求必需符合规定。 All useful antimicrobial agents are toxic substances. For maximum protection of patients, the concentration of the preservative shown to be effective in the final packaged product should be below a level that may be toxic to human beings. The concentration of an added antimicrobial preservative can be kept at a minimum if the active ingredients of the formulation possess an intrinsic antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial effectiveness, whether inherent in the product or whether produced because of the addition of an antimicrobial preservative, must be demonstrated for all injections packaged in multiple-dose containers or for other products containing antimicrobial preservatives. Antimicrobial effectiveness must be demonstrated for multiple-dose topical and oral dosage forms and for other dosage forms such as ophthalmic, otic, nasal, irrigation, and dialysis fluids (see Pharmaceutical Dosa