【课时通】2015-2016学年高一英语外研版必修3课件：Module 3 Grammar .pptVIP

Module 3　The Violence of Nature Grammar 过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语 Ⅰ. 过去完成时的被动语态 1. 概念及构成。 【语境领悟】 *When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 当我到剧院时, 发现票已卖完。 *The police found that the house had been broken into. 警察发现房子被闯入。 【知识归纳】 (1)构成: had+been+过去分词(done)。 (2)概念: 表示在过去的某个动作或时间以前已经发生的事情。 2. 用法。 【语境领悟】 *The classroom had already been cleaned before we arrived. 在我们到达之前教室已经被打扫干净了。 *By the time the hurricane ended, more than 700 people had been killed in it. 到飓风停止的时候, 已经有七百多人丧命了。 *As soon as she heard the news that her lost baby had been found, the excited mother burst into tears. 那位母亲一听说失踪的孩子被找到了, 不禁喜极而泣。 *It was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks. 据报道这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。 *She said much work had been done since she arrived here. 她说自从抵达这里后, 她做了许多工作。 【知识归纳】 (1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。该动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”, 这一过去时间可用by, before等构成的短语或when, after, until等引导的从句或通过上下文来表示。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始, 延续到过去另一时间的被动动作, 该动作可能还要延续下去, 常和for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。 Ⅱ. 间接引语 1. 基本概念。 直接引述别人的原话, 叫做直接引语; 用自己的话转述别人的话, 叫做间接引语。直接引语若改为间接引语, 在语序、人称、时态和状语方面作相应变化。 2. 句式的转换。 (1)转述他人的陈述→陈述句的转换: (2)转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句的转换: (3)转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句: (4)选择疑问句的转换: 用whether. . . or. . . 表达, 而不用if. . . or. . . , 也不用either. . . or. . . 。 He asked, “Do you speak English or French? ” →He asked me whether I spoke English or French. (5)祈使句的转换: 【深化点拨】 1. 直接引语变间接引语时态不变的特殊情况如下: (1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语或名人名言时。 *He said, “The earth goes around the sun. ” →He said that the earth goes around the sun. (2)当直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时, 间接引语仍然用一般过去时。 *Mr. Wang said, “I was born in China in September, 1972. ” →Mr. Wang said he was born in China in September, 1972. (3)当直接引语是过去完成时态时。 *She said, “They had left when I arrived here. ” →She said they had left when she arrived there. (4)当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。 *He said, “The plane takes off at 6: 30 a. m. ” →He said that the plane takes off at 6: 30 a. m. 2. 如果在当天转述别人说过的话, 时间状语可不变; 如果在当地转述, 地点状语和动词也不必改变。 *He said, “I’ll be back tonight. ” →He said that he will be back