基于单片机的直流电动机控制系统设计毕业设计教程方案.docxVIP

本科生毕业设计（论文）  PAGE IV 摘 要 电动机作为最主要的机电能量转换装置，其应用范围已遍及国民经济的各个领域和人们的日常生活。无论是在工农业生产、国防、医疗卫生、交通运输和办公设备中，还是在日常生活的家用电器和消费电子产品中，都大量使用着各种各样的电动机。电动机有直流电动机和交流电动机，直流电动机发展的比较早，因其具有良好的调速性能、较大的起动转矩和过载能力强等许多优点，因此在许多行业中仍有应用。 本设计研究的就是直流电动机控制系统，实现了对电动机的简单控制，也就是指对电动机进行启动、制动和加减速控制。设计中采用了单片机AT89C51与三相桥式全控整流电路配合的控制方法来控制直流电动机的转速。通过键盘键入转速的初始值，液晶显示屏作为实时监控界面显示设定速度和实时速度，由测速发电机和电流传感器构成反馈???，从而构成一台直流电机双闭环控制系统。 设计中采用PI调节，在PI控制系统中，速度目标值与速度反馈值比较，将误差信号送到速度调节器，速度调节器的输出与电流反馈值比较，将误差信号送到电流调节器，最后由单片机计算触发时间来控制晶闸管的导通，从而来实现可控整流。 关键词：AT89C51；整流电路；PI控制；双闭环控制 Abstract As for the most primary electric energy conversion device, electormotor has applied extensively among each field of national economy and mankind daily life. We use all kinds of electormotors not only in the industrial and agricultural production, national defense, medical treatment and public health, transportation and office equipment, but also in the use of household appliances and CE in daily life. Electormotor divide into DC generator and alternator. DC generator, which has advantages on speed, starting torgue and overload, thus it is still used in many industries. This design is the study of the DC generator and it has made the simple control of the electormotors came true, that is to say, the start, brake, speed addition and subtract control of electormotor. In order to regulate the revolving speed of the DC electormotors, I used the method of making AT89C51 and three-phase bridge type all control rectifier control system to cooperate with each other. A keyboard was used to type the revolving speed of initial value and a LCD was used as the monitor system, tachomoter generator and CT make up a feedback loop, so a DC motor speed control system was achieved. The self-turning PI was applied in this system. In the PI control system, the target value of speed has to compare with the feedback value of speed, and then send the error signal to ASR. Comparing the output of the ASR with the current feedback value, sending the error signal to th