曼昆《经济学原理第三版》宏观分册原版中英文双语Chap8教程方案.pptVIP

Unemployment and Its Natural Rate失业与自然失业率 Chapter 28 Categories of Unemployment失业的分类 The problem of unemployment is usually divided into two categories. 失业问题通常分为两类。 The long-run problem and the short-run problem: 长期问题与短期问题： The natural rate of unemployment 自然失业率 The cyclical rate of unemployment 周期性失业率 Natural Rate of Unemployment自然失业率 The natural rate of unemployment is unemployment that does not go away on its own even in the long run. 自然失业率是在长期中不会自行消失的失业率。 It is the amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences. 它是经济中正常情况下存在的失业量。 Cyclical Unemployment周期性失业率 Cyclical unemployment refers to the year-to-year fluctuations in unemployment around its natural rate. 周期性失业率是指失业量围绕其自然失业率的逐年波动。 It is associated with with short-term ups and downs of the business cycle. 它与经济活动的短期上升和下降密切相关。 Describing Unemployment Three Basic Questions: How does government measure the economy’s rate of unemployment? What problems arise in interpreting the unemployment data? How long are the unemployed typically without work? 描述失业 三个基本问题: 政府如何衡量经济的失业率? 在解释失业数据中产生了什么问题? 一般情况下失业者没有工作的时间会有多长? How is Unemployment Measured?如何衡量失业？ Unemployment is measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 衡量失业是劳工统计局的工作。 It surveys 60,000 randomly selected households every month. 它每月调查6万个随机挑选的家庭。 The survey is called the Current Population Survey. 这种调查被称为现期人口调查。 How is Unemployment Measured?如何衡量失业？ Based on the answers to the survey questions, the BLS places each adult into one of three categories: 根据对调查的回答，劳工统计局把每个受调查家庭中的每个成员（16岁 以上）划入三类中的一类里： Employed 就业者 Unemployed 失业者 Not in the labor force 非劳动力人口 How is Unemployment Measured?如何衡量失业？ The BLS considers a person an adult if he or she is over 16 years old. 劳工统计局把16岁或16岁以上的人看为 成年人。 How is Unemployment Measured?如何衡量失业？ A person is considered employed if he or she has spent most of the previous week working at a paid job. 如果一个人前一周的大部分时间用于有酬工作，这个人就被当作就业者。 How is U