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Chapter 13 Sense Organs and the Sensory Function of Nervous System (神经系统的感觉机能与感觉器官) Section 1 Summary 1.Definition and kinds of the receptors and sense organs (感受器、感觉器官的概念及分类) Receptors (感受器): Internal and external stimulus are sensed by sensory receptors which are often grouped into sense organs. Stimulus: include pressure, temperature, chemical substances, vibrations(振动), mechanical deformation(机械变形) and radiant energy(辐射能).? (专门感受机体内外环境变化的结构或装置) Sense organs (感受器官) The sensory equipment is composed of receptor and non-nerver pertain structure. (感受器和非神经性附属结构一起构成的感受装置) The classification of the receptor： Classify by position: Interoceptors (内感受器) Exteroceptors (外感受器) Classify by character of stimulus: Mechanoreceptor (机械R) Chemoreceptor (化学R) Thermoreceptor (温度R)...... Classification of sensory (感觉的分类) Traditional： vision, audition, taste, olfactory sensation, touch sensation, muscle sensation, visceral sensations etc. (视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉、触觉、肌觉、 内脏觉等) Clinical： Special senses (特殊感觉) Superficial or cutaneous sensations (表面感觉) Deep sensations (深部感觉) Visceral sensations (内脏感觉) Section 2 General principles of feeling  process (感觉过程的一般原理) 1.General physiological characteristic  of sensory receptors (感受器的一般生理特性)(1)Adequate stimulus (适宜刺激) (2) Energy conversion and amplification (换能作用与放大作用) (3)Encoding action (编码作用) (4)Adaptation phenomenon(适应现象) 2.General principles of the feeling process  (感觉过程的一般原理) (1)Impulse principles of receptor (感受器的冲动发放) Stimulus receptor electric potential AP (2)Sensory introduction(感觉的传入) The conducted on superficial reception transmit channel (浅感觉传导通路传导)： Sense of pain (痛觉), Sense of temperature and touch (温度觉与轻触觉) The conducted on deep