新Toefl阅读中的例子在各题型中的运用.docxVIP

智课网TOEFL备考资料 新Toefl阅读中的例子在各题型中的运用 摘要： 例子在托福阅读中随处可见，在我们快速读文章的时候，例子的内容是可以快速省略不用仔细看的部分，而在解题时我们也可以根据例子的这一特点，来解托福阅读的各种题型。同学们请看下面文章。  首先，最明显的例子一定是出现了表示例子的词，比较常见的例子词有：for example, for instance, such as, like,include。 除了有很明显的例子词的例子外，还有一些是不带例子词的例子，对于这些不带例子词的例子我们只要弄明白了只要写的是一个具体的东西或是具体的事情时，我们就可以把他们当作例子。我们来看看带例子词的例子在各个题型中的运用。  (1)如果在句子简化题中出现例子的句子，首先在解题时例子的内容可以不用看，还有一点就是往往出现例子的部分会成为一个错??选项，所以可以根据这点很快的排除掉一个不对的选项。比如TPO4 Deer Populations of the Puget Sound这篇文章中的句子简化题：  In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive.  在这个句子中，出现了例子词like,所以“ like huckleberry and vine maple”这部分内容我们就可以先不用看，而且在四个选项中我们会发现D选项就把原句中like例子中的内容当作一个主要内容在说了，所以可以非常肯定的先把D排除掉。  A. Arthur Einarsen’s longtime family with the Pacific Northwest helped him discover areas where deer had an increase in suitable browse.  B. Arthur Einarsen found that deforested feeding grounds provided deer with more and better food.  C. Biologist like Einarsen believe it is important to find additional open areas with suitable browse for deer to inhabit.  D. According to Einarsen, huckleberry and vine maple are examples of vegetation that may someday improve the nutrition of deer in the open areas of the Pacific Northwest.  (2)如果在细节题中出现定位的句子是整个例子时，则解题思路与修辞目的题相同，需要找到这个例子的观点句，此观点句的内容既为正确答案。我们来看TPO13 Biological clocks这篇文章中的第二个题目，这个题就是一个细节题：  Paragraph 1: ... By isolating organisms completely from external periodic cues, biologists learned that organisms have internal clocks. For instance, apparently normal daily periods of biological activity were maintained for about a week by the fungus Neurospora when it was intentionally isolated from all geophysical timing cues while orbiting in a space shuttle. The continuation of biological rhythms in an organism without external cues a