基于单片机超声波测距论文剖析.doc

基于单片机超声波测距系统 摘 要 本次设计介绍了基于单片机的超声波测距原理：由STC89C52单片机控制定时器，计算超声波从发射到接收的往返时间，计算出实测的距离，并在数码管上将测得的距离显示出来，若距离低于设置的安全距离则通过蜂鸣器报警。超声波测距传感器因其性能好、价格便宜、使用方便，在距离测量、倒车雷达壁障、车辆安全行驶辅助系统、城市交通管理，以及河道、油井和仓库料位的探测中都会有应用。利用超声波检测往往比较迅速、方便、易于计算做控制，并且在测量精度方面能达到工业实用的要求。因此在液位、井深、管道长度的测量、移动机器人定位和避障等领域得到了广泛的应用。 因此，研究基于单片机的超声波测距很有实用性，我们以单片机最小系统为核心，结合超声波测距模块、电源电路模块，显示电路模块，声光报警电路模块等部分。在此基础上设计了系统的总体方案，最后通过硬件和软件实现了各个功能模块。相关部分附有系统框图，硬件电路图、程序流程图等。此系统具有成本低廉、易控制、工作可靠、测距准确度高、可读性强和流程清晰等优点。实现后的作品可用于需要测量距离参数的各种应用场合。 关键词 超声波测距 倒车雷达 单片机 Abstract This design introduces the principle of ultrasonic distance measurement based microcontroller: the STC89C52 MCU control timer, calculate the distance from the ultrasonic wave transmitted to and from the time of receiving the calculated measured and displayed in digital distance will be measured, if distance below the safety distance set by the buzzer alarm. Ultrasonic distance sensor because of its good performance, cheap, easy to use, in the distance measurement, reversing radar barrier, vehicle safety driving assistance systems, urban traffic management, as well as rivers, wells and storage material will have a bit of probing applications. Use of ultrasonic testing is often more rapid, convenient and easy to calculate a control, and the measurement accuracy can reach the practical requirements of industry. Therefore, the level, depth, measuring the length of the pipeline, the mobile robot localization and obstacle avoidance and other fields has been widely used. The design of the smallest single chip system as the core, combined with ultrasonic ranging module, a power circuit module, display part of the circuit module, sound and light alarm circuit module. On this basis, the overall design scheme of the system, and finally through the various hardware and software modules. Accompanied by the relevant part of the system block diagram, hardware schematics, the program flow chart. This system has a low cost, easy to control, reliable, accurate ranging, readable a