基于单片机的数字电压表设计剖析.doc

基于单片机的数字电压表设计 本文详细介绍了一种基于单片机的数字电压表设计方案。该设计方案主要由四个模块组成：模拟输入模块，A/D转换模块，数据处理模块及显示模块。模拟输入模块会根据待测电压的大小自动选择不同的转换通道，A/D转换主要由芯片ADC0809来完成，它负责把采集到的模拟量转换为相应的数字量，然后传送到单片机的数据处理模块。数据处理则由芯片AT89C51来完成，其负责把ADC0809传送来的数字量经过一定的数据处理，产生相应的显示码送到显示模块进行显示，此外,它还控制着ADC0809芯片工作。 采用该方案设计的数字电压表电路简单，所用的元件较少，成本低，且测量精度和可靠性较高。此数字电压表可以测量0-20V的1路模拟直流输入电压值，并通过一个四位一体的七段数码管显示出来，具有量程自动转换功能。 关键字A/D转换数据处理； Design of Digital Voltage Meter based on Single-chip Microcomputer Design Description This paper which introduces a kind of simple digital voltmeter is based on single-chip microcontroller design. The circuit of the voltage meter is mainly consisted of four mould pieces:Anolog input mould piece, Anolog input is mainly convert automatically select different channels according to the size of the test voltage.A/D converting mould piece, A/D converting is mainly completed by the ADC0809, it converts the collected analog data into the digital data and transmits the outcome to the manifestation controlling mould piece. Data processing is mainly completed by the AT89C51 chip, it processes the data produced by the ADC0809 chip and generates the right manifestation codes, also transmits the codes to the manifestation controlling mould piece. Also, the AT89C51 chip controls the ADC0809 chip to work. The voltmeter features in simple electrical circuit, lower use of elements, low cost, moreover, its measuring precision and reliability. The voltmeter is capable of measuring voltage inputs from 1 route ranging from 0 to 20 volt, and displaying the measurements though a digital code tube of 7 pieces of LED,and it has a automatic range conversion function. Keywords:Single-chip microcontroller; Digital voltmeter; A/D converter; Automatic conversion range 目 录 1 绪 论 1 1.1 数字电压表简介 1 1.2 课题意义和目的 2 2 基于单片机的数字电压表的整体设计 3 2.1 设计指标 3 2.2 系统概述 3 3 基于单片机数字电压表的硬件设计 6 3.1 器件的选择 6 3.2 量程选择电路 6 3.2.1 重要元器件介绍 6 3.2.2 量程选择电路 7 3.3 A/D转换电路 8 3.3.1 A/D转换芯片的选择 8 3.3.2 重要元器件介绍 8 3.3.3 A/D转换电路 11 3.4 数据处理模块 11 3.4.1 单片机的选择 12 3.4.2 重要元