12.家庭生活垃圾的源头分类和处理.docVIP

家庭生活垃圾的源头分类和处理 张一鹏( （呼和浩特职业学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特，010051） 摘要：城市生活垃圾的处理，分类是必不可少的。我国目前垃圾分类的状况基本上是混合后再分类，这是我国垃圾无害化、资源化处理徘徊不前的直接原因之一。拾荒大军不能有效地将家庭餐厨垃圾和其它垃圾在源头分类，是一种典型的“先污染、后治理”。 家庭餐厨垃圾适合以家庭为单位的分散处理，如能开发和推广家庭餐厨垃圾就地处理生产有机肥料的装置，则有可能解决无害化、资源化的问题，也符合垃圾源头分类和减废的原则。但资源化在创造财富的同时,并不足以对垃圾处理实现经济上的补偿和平衡，政府应对家庭餐厨垃圾就地处理给予适当的补贴。 关键词：环境科学；垃圾源头分类；家庭餐厨垃圾；生产有机肥料 The Source Classification and Treatment of the Family Life Garbage ZHANG Yipeng (Hohhot Vocational College, Hohhot 010051, Neimenggu, China ) Abstract:Classification is necessary in processing urban garbage. In our country, the situation of garbage classification is basically mixing then classifying. That is the direct not-improving reason of hazard-free treatment and reclamation of processing garbage. Scavenging army can’t classify household food waste and other waste effectively, which is typically a kind of “pollution first, controling then”. It is appropriate to dispose the household food waste according to one family as one unit. It is easy for a family to process garbage like that. It is possible to realize the hazard-free treatment and reclamation of processing garbage by developing and promoting the device to transfer the household food waste to organic fertilizer, which conforms the principle of the garbage source of classification and reduction. Although the reclamation of processing garbage can create wealth, it can’t compensate and balance the processing garbage economically. The government should provide subsidies to the processing of the household food waste. Keywords:Environmental science, classification of garbage source, household food waste, produce organic fertilizer 在我国，目前城市生活垃圾处理的主要方式是填埋、堆肥和焚烧，然而随着城市的快速扩张和垃圾量的急剧增大，城市生活垃圾无害化、资源化处理的成本不断加大，成为日益棘手的环境问题。对于城市生活垃圾，无论是采取何种垃圾处理方式，分类是必不可少的。垃圾通过分类收集后便于对不同类垃圾进行无害化、资源化处理。如对有机垃圾进行堆肥发酵处理，对没有回收利用价值的无机垃圾进行填埋处置，对热值较高的可燃垃圾进行焚烧处置。 然而生活垃圾是源头分类还是混合后再运到垃圾处理厂分类，效果却完全不同。我国目前垃圾分类的状况基本上是后者，即混合后再分类，这是我国垃圾无害化、资源化处理徘徊不前的直接原因之一。因为各类垃圾混置在一起运到垃圾处理厂再分类、处理，其难度和成本将增大许多倍。我国城市生活垃圾源头分类工作的宣传已开展多年，在一些地区和社区实施也有