可利用淡水资源缺乏.docVIP

可利用淡水资源缺乏 淡水资源匮乏已经成了世界很多国家发展的瓶颈。建立某一国2013年的水资源战略数学模式，确定一个高效的、实际可行的、高效率利用成本的水资源战略来满足该国（美国，中国，俄罗斯，埃及或沙特阿拉伯，任选一个）2025年的预期水资源需求，并且确定最佳的水资源战略。尤其要注意的是，你所建立的数学模式必须考虑该国水资源储量和流动规律、海水淡水处理发展状况和水资源保护状况。可能的话，应用你所建立的模式讨论该模式可能产生的对经济、地理和环境方面的影响，为该国领导层提供一份非技术性的政府立场报告，并在该报告中概略介绍你的方法、该方法的可行性和成本核算，以及为什么该方法是“最佳的战略选择”。 可选择的国家：美国，中国，俄罗斯，埃及或沙特阿拉伯 Water! Water! Water! Introduction Problem background with the problem restated 1.1 The problem background (international background) Water on the globe, from the broad sense,refers to the overall amount of water in the water circle. Because the sea water is difficult to directly take advantage of, we said that the water resources mainly refer to the fresh water resources on the land. 97% of the water on the globe is salinization, but only 3% of the freshwater resources is directly used. In these freshwater ,2/3 of them is the glaciers and snow and 1/3 of them is in the aqueous layer,moist soil and air. As far as those limited freshwater, distribution is extremely uneven. Each year about 65% of water resources in the world are concentrated in less than 10 countries ,but 80 countries accounted for 40% of the worlds total population only has serious water shortages. The most water-rich is Latin America and North America.But freshwater resources per capita in Africa, Asia and Europe is much less. In this century, with the rapid expansion of the scale of population expansion of industrial and agricultural production, the amount of global freshwater fast growth.From 1900-1975, the amount of world agriculture increased seven-fold and industrial water consumption has increased by 20 times.Moreover in recent decades,Water consumption continues to increase at an annual rate of 4% -8% speed.Freshwater supply and demand is becoming increasingly prominent. Water shortage is not a myth. Water shortages become more prominent, but also in the massive pollution of water sources, resulting in deterioration of water quality. Water pollution is main from huma