毕业设计(论文)交流电机软起动器控制系统设计剖析.docVIP

毕业设计 交流电机软起动器控制系统设计 摘 要 三相异步电动机的起动电流高达额定电流的5～8倍，对电网造成较大干扰，尤其在工业领域中的重载起动，有时可能对设备安全构成严重威胁。传统的降压起动方式，如星三角起动、自耦变压器起动等，要么起动电流和机械冲击过大，要么体积庞大笨重、损耗大，要么起动力矩小、维修率高等等，都不尽人意。软启动技术不仅实现在整个起动过程中无冲击而平滑地起动电动机，而且可根据电动机负载的特性来调节起动过程中的参数如限流值、起停时间等，以达到最佳的起停状态。我们从三相异步电动机的应用控制出发, 介绍了基于单片机控制的电机软启动原理, 给出了基于单片机控制的电机软启动装置的设计方法。用该方法控制电机的软启动系统具有控制结构简单, 实用性强等优点。 关键词: 交流电动机 软启动原理 单片机 软启动程序 晶闸管 Ac motor soft starter control ABSTRACT Three-phase asynchronous motor starting current is as high as rated current of 5 ~ 8 times of grid, cause bigger interference, especially in the industrial field, sometimes the overloading of equipment starting may pose a serious threat to security. The traditional step-down start way, if star triangle starting, self coupling transformer starting etc, or starting current and mechanical shock is too large, or heavy, bulky or loss is big, small, maintenance starting torque rate high, etc., are unsatisfactory. Soft start-up technology not only in the whole start process of realizing no impact and smoothly, and can according to starting motor load characteristics to adjust motor starting process of parameters such as the current limit value, starting and stopping time etc, so as to achieve the best of starting and stopping state. We from three-phase asynchronous motor, based on the application of introduced control based on single chip microcomputer control motor soft start, gives the principle based on single chip microcomputer control motor soft starter design method. Use this method to control the motor soft start-up system has control of simple structure, practical strong, etc. Key words：Ac motor Soft start principle Microcontroller hyristor Soft start-up procedures 目 录 第一章 绪论 1 1.1交流电机软启动存在的问题 1 1.2 软启动器的简单介绍 1 1.2.1 软启动器的保护功能 3 1.2.2 它与变频器有的区别 3 1.2.3 软启动的作用 3 1.2.4 软启动器的优点 4 1.3 国内外软启动现状 4 1.4 本课题的意义及主要工作 5 第二章 软启动的基本原理和特点 6 2.1 软启动原理 6 2.2 软启动常用的几种启动方式 7 2.3 软启动常用的几种停机方式 8 2.4 接触器旁路工作 9 2.5 软启动的基本接线 9 2.6电机软启动方式的选择 10 2.7 与传统启动的比较 10