基因组学,解说.ppt

According to the endosymbiont theory, chloroplasts may origin from ( ). Cyanobacteria Rickettsia Yeast Virus Which of the following states about psuedogenes are right? ( ) Terminators may exist in conventional psuedogenes. Generally speaking, processed psuedogene cannot be transcribed because they lack of promoters. There are introns in the processed psuedogene sequences. They may become functional during evolution. Genomics Chapter 5 Genome profile Part II Genome profile of eukaryotes (2) Uneven gene distribution Giemsa staining bands: dark band with AT rich nucleotides. Isochore（等容线） P41 C value paradox (p31~33) Lack of precise correlation between the complexity of an organism and the size of its genome. The explanation: Genome-wide repeats have undergo a massive proliferation in the genomes of certain species. Content Part I Genome profile of microbe Virus prokaryotes Part II Genome profile of eukaryotes Nuclear genome Organelle genome Tandem repeats Transposons and dispersed repeats 本节思路 重复序列的分类、分布和特点？ 重复序列的形成？ 重复序列存在的意义（生物学功能）？ RNA介导的逆转座因子及其转座机制 The organization of the human genome Repeats in eukaryotic genome (p59~64, p23~25) 5.4 Tandemly repeated DNA Formation of tandem repeats Replication slippage DNA recombination Accumulation of mutations(突变累积) in saltatory replications(跳跃复制) Genetic profile 5.5 Interspersed repeats and transposons Transposon: A genetic element that can move from one position to another in a DNA molecule. DNA transposons Two mechanisms: Replicative transposition Nonreplicative transposition (Conservative transposition) Less common in eukaryotic genomes, while more important in prokaryotic genomes. insertion sequence (IS) in prokaryotic genomes Ac/Ds elements in maize P factor in fruit fly Barbara McClintock McClintock发现，玉米籽粒的颜色很不稳定，有时籽粒出现斑点，她认为遗传因子可以移动，从染色体的一个位置跳到另一位置，从一个染色体跳到另一染色体。这种能自发转移的遗传因子，现在通称转座因子。 玉米的控制因子可以在基因组内移动，其中有一个叫做解离因子（Ds，dissociation） 解离因子Ds经常变动在染色体上的位置，影响邻近基因的作用。例如当Ds基因插入到色素基因C的近旁或中间时，玉米籽粒不能形成色素，