能源需求讲述.ppt

能源需求 第一节 基本概念 1、能源需求 2、能源需求总量与能源需求结构 3、能源强度 4、能源需求弹性 一、能源需求 能源需求是指在各种可能的价格下，消费者对能源资源愿意并且能够购买的数量。 能源需求是引致需求（derived demand），能源的价值是由其提供服务的能力决定。 In particular, when combined with energy-using capital, energy facilitates the provision of goods and services in industry and in the household. Therefore, energy consumption at the individual, household and/or firm level is the result of a set of simultaneous decisions involving the quantity and type of capital equipment to purchase – where capital type is differentiated by technological characteristics such as efficiency and type of fuel input – and the rate of capital utilization. Today’s modern economy thrives on the consumption of fossil fuels. According to the US Energy Information Administration, global primary energy demand increased at an average annual rate of 2.0 percent from 1980 to 2005, and this demand has been met primarily by fossil fuels. In 2005, petroleum comprised 36.6percent of total energy use，followed by coal at 26.5 percent, and natural gas at 23.3 percent Despite this conjecture of fossil fuel’s dominance, the composition of energy demand has not been constant over time, nor will it be as we move forward. Today’s technologies and capital stocks are tuned to converting fossil fuels, rather than some other energy source, into some useful energy service, but yesterday’s technology and very likely tomorrow’s technologies will be different. 二、能源需求总量与能源需求结构 1、能源需求总量是指研究的一定范围内各种能源需求量之和，如一次能源需求量、化石能源需求量等。能源需求量通常是指一次能源需求量。 2、Energy balance tables（能源平衡表） are useful data reporting tools. They allow the researcher to track the total energy required to facilitate final consumption by sector and fuel type Energy balance tables are a means of accounting for the conversion of primary energy for final consumption Figure 1 illustrates the general flow of energy balance tables 一国的能源需求总量（Total primary energy requirement，TPER）是由终端能源需求量（total final consumption，TFC）、能源加工转换损失量和损失量三部分构成。 终端能源需求量，按照OECD和IEA的定义，是指终端用