高分子物理课件资料.pptVIP

Introduction to Polymer Physics Prof. Dr. Yiwang Chen School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047 Chapter 2 Solid-state properties 2.1 Interaction of Molecules in Polymer van der Waals forces and Hydrogen bonding Static force is the force between polar molecules All polar molecules have permanent dipolar moment. The strength of static force between permanent dipoles depends on strength of dipolar moment and orientation degree. The interactional potential between two polar molecules with dipolar moment ?1 and ?2, and R of distance is: k is the Boltzman constant and T is temperature Static force usually ranges from 13 to 21 kJ/mol Cohesive Energy Density 2.2 The Amorphous state Completely amorphous polymers like atactic polystyrene exist as long, randomly coiled, interpenetrating chains that are capable of forming stable, flow-restricting entanglements at sufficiently high-molecular-weight. In the melt, thermal energy is sufficiently high for long segments of each polymer chain to move in random micro-Brownian motions. As the melt is cooled, a temperature is reached at which all long-range segmental motions ceases. The characteristic temperature is called the glass-transition temperature, Tg. In the glassy state, at temp below Tg, the only molecular motions that can occur are short-range motions of several contiguous chain segments and motions of substituent groups. These processes are called secondary relaxations. 2.3 The Crystalline state Ordering of Polymer Chains Under favorable conditions, some polymers cooled from the melt can organize into regular crystalline structures. Such crystalline polymers have less perfect organization than crystals of low-molecular-weight compounds or low-molecular-weight polymers crystallized from the solution. The basic units of crystalline polymer morphology include crystalline lamellae consisting of arrays of folded chains. Reentry of each chain in the folded structure can be adjacent or n