Chapter政府干预剖析.ppt

政府干预Government Intervention 市场失灵Market Failure 　　　市场机制在提供最优产出组合上可能会失败。The market mechanism may fail to provide the optimal mix of output. 最优产出组合指：在现有的资源、技术条件下，所能到达的最大产量组合。The optimal mix of output is the most desirable combination of output attainable with existing resources, technology and social values. 市场失灵Market Failure 市场失灵的本质The Nature of Market Failure 　　　市场失灵是在市场机制情况下预先安排最佳产出的非理性表现。Market failure is an imperfection in the market mechanism that prevents optimal outcomes. 市场机制是通过市场价格和销售等信号反映市场对产出（或资源配置）的渴求。Market mechanism — use of market prices and sales to signal desired outputs (or