美国福利制度讲述.pptVIP

American welfare system ----美国福利制度 Generally speaking ,all the state and federal governments work together to help the poor family especially those who have school-aged children. 一般来说,所有的州和联邦政府共同努力,帮助穷人家庭特别是那些学龄儿童。 Furthermore, they set up all kinds of organizations for the old and the patients, and special schools for physically or mentally disabled children. 此外,他们建立了各种组织的老人和病人,和特殊学校身体或精神残疾儿童。 1、The federal social insurance  联邦社会保险  The federal social insurance has been set up for office, office or once worked for my and their family members can attend 联邦社会保险是为就职人士设立的，在职或曾经工作过的本人及其家属都可参加 附：主要包括退休金 (Retirement Benefits)、抚恤金(Survivor’s Benefits)、伤残金(Disability Benefits)和医疗福利(Medicare Benefits)等。  2、失业补助金( Unemployment Compensation) As long as it is being fired unemployed, with or without savings can apply for. General grant period is 6 to 9 months, according to the situation is likely to extend vary from state to state. 只要是遭辞退失业的，不管有无积蓄都可申请。一般补助期是6至9个月，按各州不同情况可能会有所延长。 3、公共援助金(public assistance)  It is designed for the blind of low income or no income, the elderly, the disabled and no income of the family. Distributed by the state according to their living conditions, the applicant will receive a survey to prove that to be eligible for claim. 这是专为低收入或无收入的失明者、老人、残障者及无收入的家庭而设。由州政府按各自生活条件发放，申请者将接受 调查以证明有申领资格。  4、孕妇与儿童福利  Pregnant women and childrens welfare This is to protect and improve the health of the pregnant women and children, do not dispatch the cash, but rather to provide health services. 这是为保护和增进孕妇及儿童的健康而设，并不分派现金，而是提供健康服务。 二、生活补助 Public Service for Low Income Persons 1、粮食券( Food Stamp) 　 美国联邦农业部拨款给州政府发放粮食券，只可换取美国出产的农作物，不能换取金钱，以救济收入低微的家庭。不过该补助只限美国公民。 2、学校提供的廉价或免费膳食(School Lunch Program) 这是政府为保证学童的身体健康而设立的全国性营养膳食计划。非美籍人士也可受益。 3、家居能源补助计划(Home Energy Assistance Program)  专为低收入家庭减轻煤电费用而设，非美籍人士也能享受。能源补助除帮助支付煤电费外，还可代为修理暖炉、煤气管等相关暖气设备。 4、廉价公共房屋(Public Low Income Ho