chapter-2-3-20121011资料.pptVIP

  1. 1、原创力文档(book118)网站文档一经付费(服务费),不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。。
  2. 2、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传,本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺!文档内容仅供研究参考,付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费,意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务;查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档,您可以点击 这里二次下载
  3. 3、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“版权申诉”(推荐),也可以打举报电话:400-050-0827(电话支持时间:9:00-18:30)。
  4. 4、该文档为VIP文档,如果想要下载,成为VIP会员后,下载免费。
  5. 5、成为VIP后,下载本文档将扣除1次下载权益。下载后,不支持退款、换文档。如有疑问请联系我们
  6. 6、成为VIP后,您将拥有八大权益,权益包括:VIP文档下载权益、阅读免打扰、文档格式转换、高级专利检索、专属身份标志、高级客服、多端互通、版权登记。
  7. 7、VIP文档为合作方或网友上传,每下载1次, 网站将根据用户上传文档的质量评分、类型等,对文档贡献者给予高额补贴、流量扶持。如果你也想贡献VIP文档。上传文档
查看更多
Ω 世界上有犬种1,400余种,其中定类的有500多种。 狮 虎 兽 杂 交 小 结 ★ 居群是生物进化的基本单位 ★ 突变是进化发生的根本来源 ★ 自然选择决定进化的方向 ★ 生物进化的实质就是居群基因频率的改变 ★ 人工选择和人工杂交是不是进化的一种形式? 思考题 Chapter 2 小进化—生物进化的机制 Section 3 mutation 突 变 ★ Mutations are changes made to an organism’s genetic material. ★ These changes may be due to errors in replication, errors during transcription , radiation, viruses and many other things. ★ Mutations can occur within a specific gene (small scale), as well as to the chromosome as a whole (large scale). What is a mutation ? ★ Genetics includes several processes that create new types of genetic variation in populations or that allow for the reorganization (重组,改组)of previously existing variation either within genomes or among subpopulations. ★ The ultimate source of genetic variation is mutation, by which we mean any heritable change in the genetic material. Mutation therefore includes a change in the nucleotide (核苷酸)sequence of a single gene as well as the formation of a chromosome rearrangement, such as an inversion (倒位) or a translocation(易位). Key Concepts ★ Recombination brings mutations of different genes together into the same chromosome. Migration enables mutations to spread among subpopulations. ★ A transposable element (转座子)is a DNA sequence able to replicate and insert into any of a large number of sites in the genome. By insertion in or near a gene, a transposable element can alter the level or pattern of gene expression. The recombination between transposable elements can result in a chromosome rearrangement(染色体重排), for example, an inversion. ★ In this chapter, we consider the processes by which genetic variation is created. ★ Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation for evolutionary change. ★ However, most wild type genes mutate at a very low rate, typically in the range from 10-4 to 10-6 new mutations per gene per generation. ★ Even a low mutation rate can create many new mutant alleles in a large population, because each of a large number of genes is at t

文档评论(0)

118118 + 关注
实名认证
文档贡献者

该用户很懒,什么也没介绍

1亿VIP精品文档

相关文档