园林树木学被子植物门1总结.ppt

垂柳 馒头柳 银芽柳 垂柳 Salix babylonnnica 枝条细长下垂，黄褐色，叶长8-16cm，叶柄0.5-1.5cm。子房只有一边，有一个腺体，苞片披针形，无毛。  柳树姿态优美潇洒，迎风探水，临池种之，以桃为侣，形成桃红柳绿的效果， 苏堤春晓 柳 颐和园的知春亭--柳，柳春天发芽早，早报春光，若种豆科，黄檀就达不到早春的效果，黄檀有不知春的雅号。 精密仪器厂不种植柳；柳絮飞扬，飘扬时间又长，幼儿园一般也不种。 白杨潇潇——示惆怅伤感，这是过去，现在表示对白杨的赞美，感觉完全不同 杨柳翼翼——士思慕，依依不舍，分别时常有赠柳枝，意为留下 房前不栽桑，房后不植柳。 钻天柳 山毛榉科（壳斗科）Fagaceae The family Fagaceae, or beech family, comprises about 900 species of both evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs, which are characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of cup-like (cupule)（壳斗） nuts. Fagaceous leaves are often lobed and both petioles（叶柄） and stipules（托叶） are generally present. Fruits lack endosperm（胚乳） and lie in a scaly or spiny husk壳 that may or may not enclose the entire nut, which may consist of one to three seeds. The best-known group of this family is the oaks, genus Quercus, the fruit of which is a non-valved nut (usually containing one seed) called an acorn（橡树果）. The husk of the acorn in most oaks only forms a cup in which the nut sits. 山毛榉科（壳斗科）Fagaceae 这个科的树木都是构成森林的主要树种像栎林松栎混交林，大量提供木材的树种。这个科的树种分布在南方的为常绿树种，北方的种为落叶的。木耳栎类上长。栓皮栎的树皮可做绝缘、隔音、隔热，瓶塞等原料，很有经济价值。 形态特征 （1）乔木稀灌木，落叶或常（2）单叶互生，侧脉羽状；（3）花单性同株，雄花柔荑花序，雌花1-3朵生于总苞中； （4）总苞在果熟时木质化，并形成盘状、杯状或球状之“壳斗”，外有刺或鳞片，每壳斗中有1-3坚果。 栗属Castanea 落叶乔木，雄花序为直 立，或斜伸的柔荑花 序，总苞球状，密被分 枝长刺，内含1—3坚 果。1种，分布北温 带，中国3种。果实富 含淀粉和糖类。可食 用。 板栗 Castanea mollissima 总苞较大6—8cm，叶柄长1.2—2.0cm，叶背灰白色柔毛，雌花常生于雄花基部。 果为有名的干果，以果树栽培，叶大，姿态好，可作庭荫树，中国特色树种，园林结合生产的良好树种。 适应性强，生产稳定，华北地区的群众把板栗叫作“铁杆压稼。 栎属Quercus The genus is native to the northern hemisphere, and includes deciduous and evergreen species extending from cold latitudes to tropical Asia and the Americas. Oaks have alternate leaves, with a lobed margin in many species; some have serrated leaves or entire leaves with a smooth margin. The flowers are catkins, produced in spring. The fruit