（参考）全球环境和或适应性问题(根本原因和障碍) 翻译稿.docxVIP

1) Global environmental and/or adaptation problems, root causes, and barriers 1）全球环境和/或适应性问题，根本原因，和障碍 Problem Statement: In the latest IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), it reaffirmed the fact that warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and continued emission of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and long-lasting changes in all components of the climate system, increasing the likelihood of severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts for people and ecosystems. At the heart of this global climate challenge has been humans overdependence on and excessive consumption of fossil fuel over the last two centuries. 问题陈述： 在最新的第五次IPCC评估报告（AR5），重申了“气候系统变暖是毋庸置疑的”和“不断排放的温室气体会造成进一步的气候变暖和气候系统的所有组成部分的长期改变，并使人类和生态系统遭受严重的，普遍的，不可逆转的影响的可能性上升。”全球气候挑战的核心问题是人类在过去两个世纪以来过度依赖并过度消耗化石燃料。 While climate warming is global, developed countries and developing ones are facing rather different challenges. For many emerging economies in the process of industrialization, they have to tackle both climate change and worsening air pollution at the same time. As a result of the evolution of global value chain, energy-intensive and highly-polluting industries have been gradually transferred from developed countries to emerging economies. Because these emerging economies still largely rely on fossil fuel to power their economic growth, high emission of carbon and air pollutants such as SO2 and NOx has accompanied such growth every step of the way. Nowhere is such a dilemma more evident and acute than in China. China has not only overtaken the US as the worlds largest carbon emitter recently, but also become a victim of rampant air pollution. The general publics grave concern over the worsening air quality across the country has prompted the Chinese government to take often drastic measures to curb the air pollution, such as forcing the shutdown of polluting factories and restraining the use of private cars. Besides, international community is also watching closely when