Chapter10 Language A 不定式作目的状语.docVIP

Chapter 10 Language A 不定式作目的状语 英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。 状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 英语中的动词不定式具有副词的功能，可以在句子中作状语，表示多种意义。在这里就动词不定式作目的状语进行单独讨论。　　一、不定式和不定式短语作目的状语　　不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加 in order to 或 so as to。例如：　Ive written it down in order not to forget.　He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.　　在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语，表示的是主语的目的，因此，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。比较：To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.(正)To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed.(误)　　由 in order to 引导的目的状语，既可以置于句尾，也可以置于句首，而由 so as to 引导的目的状语，只能置于句尾，而不能置于句首。比较：They started early in order to get there in time.(正)In order to get there in time, they started early.(正)They started early so as to get there in time.(正)So as to get there in time, they started early.(误)　　二、不定式的复合结构作目的状语　　当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时，要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定式或不定式短语之前加 for + 名词或宾格代词)作状语。例如：He opened the door for the children to come in.She fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect.　 动词不定式做状语时表示目的和结果用法 总结 作目的状语: I came here to see you. To stop the train, pull the lever downwards. 目的状语还可以用如下表达法： 肯定： to in order to + 动词原形 so as to I come to see her. = I come in order to see her. = I come so as to see her. that so that + 主语 + may/might + 动词原形 in order that I come that I may see her. = I come in order that I may see her. = I come so that I may see her. 否定： not to in order not to + 动词原形 so as not to that so that + 主语 + may/might + not + 动词原形 in order that He went away not to see me. = He went away in order not to see me. = He went away so as not to see me. = He went away in order that he might not see me. = He went away that he might not see me. = He went away so that he might not see me. in order to, in order that和so as to, so that的区别 in order to可以用在句首或句末， 但so as to只能用在句末。如： He got up very early in order to/so