ChapterOne： Introduction to Translation.docVIP

Sept. 3rd-4th, 2012 Chapter One Introduction to Translation The Definitions of Translation 张培基等人编著的《英汉翻译教程》认为：“翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言能表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。” Peter Newmark：What is translation? Often, though not by any means always, it is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text (see A Textbook of Translation P.5) Eugene A. Nida: the reproduction in the receptor language of the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style. Nida’s translation is complete for the three reasons: first, it tells clearly what to translate; second, it suggests the linguistic and cultural differences of the source text and the target text, that is, the translation can only be the closest equivalent of the source text but not identical to the source text; third, he takes acceptability into consideration梩he rtranslation should be natural. Professor Zhou Yuzhong: Translation is to substitute one language from another to express the same message or information. Translation is a cross-linguistic, cross-cultural and cross-social communication. Definition in our textbook: Translation is a communicative act between different languages and cultures achieved through selecting the nearest equivalent in the target language for message units in the source language. 关于翻译的定义，林林总总，不一而足。 2. The Origin of Translation In fact, I. A. Richards (1953) has claimed that translation is probably the most complex type of event in the history of the cosmos. 在整个人类历史上，语言的翻译几乎同语言本身一样古老。德国翻译家阿·库勒拉说：“从语言把人们联系在一起之日，从语言把人们分隔之日起，翻译实践便存在了。” The Babel story (Genesis: Chapter Ⅱ the Tower of Babel): The history of translation in the West may be said to begin with the production of the Septuagint(《希腊文旧约圣经》). The Septuagint is the first translation of Hebrew Old Testament into Greek. It was made by seventy (or seventy-two) translators, all working in separate