ChapterProtozoa重点.ppt

Chapter 1 Protozoa Concepts Protozoa display unicellular(单细胞的） or colonial organization. All functions must be carried out within the confines of a single plasma membrane（质膜）. According to the most widely accepted clas-sification scheme, the four protozoan phyla(门) are Mastigophora(鞭毛虫门) , Sarcodina(肉足虫门), Apicomplexa(孢子虫门), and Ciliophora(纤毛虫门). Certain members of these phyla have had, and continue to have, important influences on human health and welfare. Features Type of organism: unicellular organisms which belong to several phyla; they probably have a polyphyletic(多源的) origin. Feeding: usually heterotrophic(异养的). Food is assimilated from a food vacuole (泡). Locomotion: often, but not always motile(活动的). Osmoregulation(渗透调节): osmoregulate by means of a contractile vacuole (伸缩泡). Reproduction: usually both asexual(无性生殖) and sexual(有性生殖). Classes Phylum Mastigophora (with flagella鞭毛): phytoflagellates(植鞭毛虫) are autotrophic(自养的), zooflagellates (动鞭毛虫) are heterotro-phic. Phylum Sarcodina(肉足虫) (with pseudopodia伪足 ): these often possess sophisticated skeletal structures. Phylum Apicomplexa(孢子虫): Members of this phylum are parasites寄生虫 (mainly spor-ozoans孢子虫). They have tubular or filam-entous丝状的 organelles(细胞器) at the apical end of the body. Phylum Ciliophora: Members are ciliated(纤毛的). They have an outer pellicle(表膜) with ciliary (纤毛的) basal granules (颗粒的) and trichocysts (刺丝泡) and they possess mac-ronuclei (control somatic (体细胞的), non-reproductive functions) and micronuclei (control sexual reproduction). 1. The main characteristics of protozoa 1.1 Protozoa display unicellular organization. All functions must be carried out within the confines of a single plasma membrane. They are more complex than any particular cell in higher organisms. sizes range from 2-3μm to 3mm, and many protozoans (原生动物的) are organizationally very complex, as befits organisms in which one cell performs every function of a living creature. 1.2 In some protozoa, individuals g