Volume Tw The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.docVIP

Volume Two The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Chapter 1 Brief introduction to the country (names, position, climate and weather, brief history) Chapter I. Brief Introduction to Britain (names, geographical features, 4 parts, brief history, climate and weather) ※1. Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain, Britain and England. 2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK). 3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands—Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, a small island in Irish Sea called the Isle of Man and hundreds of small ones. ※Geographical Features: Geographical position of Britain: Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. (The country is to the west and off the European Continent on the British Isles.) The total area is some 244,820 square kilometers with a population of about 59.6 million (July 2001est). It is made up of 4 parts within the one nation-state—England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Each part has its characteristics, and can not be mixed up. For example, we can not call a person from Scotland “English gentleman” because it will offend him or her. Even within each of the four parts (countries) there are different regions: the difference between the “highland” and “lowland” Scots has a long historical significance; north and south England are also culturally distinct, the south is on average more wealthy than the north, etc. So here the difference that marks British society is that of region. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands；and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. The UK is now a multiracial society, and the quite recent groups of immigrants have brought their own cultures which sit side by side with more traditionally British ways of life. Britain is