2012高考英语语法点石成金术:主谓一致.docVIP

2012高考英语语法点石成金术:主谓一致.doc

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2012高考英语语法点石成金术:主谓一致

2012高考英语语法点石成金术:主谓一致 一、语法一致原则 1. 主语的单复数决定谓语动词形式的单复数,即S单,V单;S复,V复。 A student is waiting for you in your office. Two students are waiting for you in your office. 2. A +with, together with, along with, as well as, except, but, besides, including, rather than, like, in addition to +B 作主语时,由A决定谓语。 The house, including the garden and the garage, was sold. ?Sunshine, as well as water, is needed to make plants grow. 3. 英语中有一类单、复数同形的词(means,sheep,deer,fish等),其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。 A sheep is under the tree. A flock of sheep are ( be)the tree. 4.plenty of , a lot of, the rest of , most of , 分数/ 百分数+of +名词等短语作主语,谓语动词与of 后面的名词保持一致. 但:分数、百分数+population 作主语时,V复 Most of the water here is clean. 大部分的水是干净的。 80% cotton has been sent to America. 80%的棉花已经被送往美国。 Half of the apples are red. 有一半儿的苹果是红的。 A lot of students are waiting for the bus. A lot of money has been wasted. Seventy percent of the population in China are farmers. 5. 由“a kind of , this kind of, many kinds of ” 和“名词+ of this kind of ”等以及由与kind意义相似的type,sort等构成的类似短语作主语时,谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。 This new type of machine is on show now. Machines of this new type are made in Wuhan. 如果种类不是一种而是多种,谓语动词应为复数. There are many kinds of pears. 6. 词组“a number of, a great/good many, a group of +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;如果冠词a变为the,则谓语动词用单数。A number of ancient buildings were destroyed in the war. 许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。 The number of the visitors has increased this year. 游客的数量今年增加了 7. 英语的集体名词(committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。 My family was very poor when I was a little girl 当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候,我家很穷。 My family are all looking forward for your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来。 8. 在one of +复数名词+ who (that, which )引导的定语从句中,从句谓语动词常用复数; 若one 前有the (only)等修饰语时,从句谓语动词常用单数. She is one of the women who were invited to the ball. She is the only one of the women who was nvited to the ball. 二、就近原则:谓语动词的单复形式取决于靠近它的词语这种原则主要体现在 1由or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but

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