2012高考英语语法点石成金术：情态动词.docVIP

2012高考英语语法点石成金术：情态动词 一．情态动词的语法特征 　1） 情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。　2） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。二．情态动词的用法（Can/could、May/ might、Must、Shall/should、will/would、Dare、Need、ought to） （一）. Can 1.基本用法 1）表示能力 The parrot can speak three languages. 2）表示请求/允许 Can/Could I borrow the book from the library.Yes.I can/No.I can’t。 (Could 不表过去式；只表语气更委婉，表请求只用于疑问句) 3）表示可能性 Shanghai can be very cold in March. 2. Can 与 be able to 1）can　could 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could) 2）表示过去成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。　　He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.　= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out. 3）在否定结构中，二者可以互换。 3. can/could + have +p.p 1）在否定、疑问句中表示“对过去发生行为的可能性猜测。 The door was lacked. She couldn’t have been at home. 2）在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而未做” You could have been more careful. 4.习语：cannot / can’t（never/hardly）do…too …“越……越好，怎么也不过分”。 　　You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候，越小心越好。 （二）. May 1.基本用法 1）表示可能性 She may be still waiting for us. 2）表示允许 May I come in? Yes, you may./No, you mustn’t. 3）表示祝愿 May you have a happy holiday Might 过去式；语气更委婉 2. may/might + have +p.p 1）在否定、肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测 “也许是……”He might have spoken to her yesterday. 2）Might+have+p.p表示虚拟，表“劝告、责备之意。” You might have told me earlier. 3.习语： may/might as well do sth，意为不妨。　　 If that is the case, we may as well try.（三）. Must 1.基本用法 1）表示肯定的猜测,但只用于肯定句， You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.　你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。 He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。 2）而mustn’t 表示“禁止、不准” John, you mustn’t play with the knife, you may hurt yourself． 3）must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要” John, look at the time.Must you play the piano at such a late hour? 2. Must 、have to 1）Must表示主观 He said that they must work hard. 2）Have to表示客观需求 My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 3. must + have +p.p对过去事情的肯定猜测。 The road id wet. It must have rained last night. 4.Must I hand in the book now? Yes, you must./No, needn’t /don’t have to. （四）Shall /should 1.基本用法 1）