燕大数字课璧屯╢r滤波器设计与应用.docVIP

目 录 摘要··········································································2 第一章 滤波器简介···························································3 1.1 FIR 滤波器简介·····················································3 1.2 窗函数简介·························································3 1.3 Matlab简介·························································5 1.4 窗函数设计FIR滤波器的步骤·········································6 第二章 滤波器参数设计·······················································7 第三章 程序设计与仿真·······················································7 3.1 本设计中使用的Matlab指令···········································7 3.2 程序设计····························································8 3.3 仿真结果····························································9 3.4 仿真结果分析·······················································12 第四章 总结与体会··························································12 参考文献····································································13 摘 要 数字滤波器是一种用来过滤时间离散信号的数字系统，通过对抽样数据进行数学处理来达到频域滤波的目的。根据其单位冲激响应函数的时域特性可分为两类：无限响应（IIR）滤波器和有限响应（FIR）滤波器。与IIR滤波器相比，FIR的实现是非递归的，总是稳定的；更重要的是，FIR 滤波器在满足幅频响应要求的同时，可以获得严格的线性相位特性。因此，它在高保真的信号处理，如数字音频、图像处理、数据传输、生物医学等领域得到广泛应用。MATLAB是“矩阵实验室”（MATrix LABoratoy）的缩写，它是由美国Mathworks公司于1984年正式推出的，是一种面向科学和工程计算的语言，它集数值分析、矩阵运算、信号处理和图形显示于一体，具有编程效率高、调试手段丰富、扩充能力强等特点。MATLAB的信号处理工具箱具有强大的函数功能，它不仅可以用来设计数字滤波器，还可以使设计达到最忧化，是数字滤波器设计的强有力工具。 第一章 滤波器的简介 1.1 FIR 滤波器简介 有限长脉冲响应序列FIR熟悉滤波器有严格的线性相位，任意的幅度特性，工作稳定的优点。另外，任何非因果有限长序列经过一定的延时都能变成因果的有限长序列，因而FIR滤波器总能用因果系统来实现，而且FIR滤波器由于单位脉冲响应是有限长的，可以用FFT算法来计算，从而大大提高了运算效率。 设h ( n) ( n = 0， 1， 2…, N - 1)为滤波器的冲激响应，输入信号为x ( n) ，则F IR 滤波器就是要实现下列差分方程: 上式就是FIR 滤波器的差分方程。FIR 滤波器的最主要的特点是没有反馈回路，因此它是无条件稳定系统。它的单位脉冲响应h(n)是一个有限长序列。由上面的方程可见， FIR 滤波算法实际上是一种乘法累加运算，它不断地输入样本x(n) ，经延时做乘法累加，再输出滤波结果。对式(1)进行Z 变换，整理后可得FIR 滤波器的传递函数为: FIR数字滤波器的设计方法主要有窗函数法和频率抽样设计法，其中窗函数法是基本而有效的设计方法。 FIR数字滤波器的显著特点是线性相位，下面来介绍线性相位的条件。 满足第一类线性相位条件为：h