Thales of Miletus.docVIP

Thales of Miletus (Θαλ?? ? Μιλ?σιο? (pronounced /?θe?li?z/ or THEH-leez) , ca. 624 BC–ca. 546 BC), was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Miletus in Asia Minor, and one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many, most notably Aristotle, regard him as the first philosopher in the Greek tradition.[1] According to Bertrand Russell, Western philosophy begins with Thales Notable ideas Water is the physis, Thales theorem 泰勒士(Θαλ?? Thales，生活在约公元前585年)是古希腊哲学家、古希腊七贤之一、米利都学派的创始人。生于希腊繁荣的港口城市米利都城，据说曾游历过埃及等地，并测量过金字塔的高度，还成功预测过一次日蚀。 泰勒士认为万物由水构成，水是万物之源。这种观点可能是因为看到海水蒸发的过程而形成的。据传说他的格言是：水是最好的。泰勒士还曾宣称，「万物中皆有神在」。 泰勒士对希腊哲学有着重要的影响。阿那克西曼德据说是他的学生。还有传说认为，毕达哥拉斯早年也曾拜访过泰勒士，并听从了他的劝告，前往埃及进行过研究。 Heraclitus of Ephesus (Ancient Greek: ?ρ?κλειτο? ? ?φ?σιο? — Hērákleitos ho Ephésios; c. 535–c. 475 BCE) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, a native of Ephesus, Ionia, on the coast of Asia Minor. He was of distinguished parentage. Little is known about his early life and education, but he regarded himself as self-taught and a pioneer of wisdom. From the lonely life he led, and still more from the riddling nature of his philosophy and his contempt for humankind in general, he was called the The Obscure, and the Weeping Philosopher. Heraclitus is famous for his doctrine of change being central to the universe, summarized in his famous quote, You can not step twice into the same river. He believed in the unity of opposites, stating that the path up and down is one and the same, existing things being characterized by pairs of contrary properties. His cryptic utterance that all things come to be in accordance with this Logos, (literally, word, reason, or account) has been the subject of numerous interpretations 赫拉克利特（Heraclitus，约公元前540年~前480年），古希腊哲学家、爱非斯派的创始人。生于爱非斯一个贵族家庭。他的文章晦涩难懂，富有隐喻。赫拉克利特的理论以毕达哥拉斯的学说为基础。他借用毕达哥拉斯“和谐”的概念，认为在对立与冲突的背后有某种程度的和谐，而协调本身并不是引人注目的。他认为冲突使世界充满生气。赫拉克利特还认为，火是万物的本原，“一切事物都换成火，火也换成一切事物”。 赫拉克利特也认为所有东西都是流动的，每一件事物都在不断变换，他的名言是：“人不能两次踏入同一条河流，因为无论是这条河还是这个人都已经不同。”苏格拉底因此称赫拉克利特为“流动者”。 赫拉克利特的对立理论则指出