化工单元操作-华南工大学化工学院教材(红色外皮)problems and solutions1.docVIP

1.3 A differential manometer as shown in Fig. is sometimes used to measure small pressure difference. When the reading is zero, the levels in two reservoirs are equal. Assume that fluid B is methane（甲烷）, that liquid C in the reservoirs is kerosene (specific gravity = 0.815), and that liquid A in the U tube is water. The inside diameters of the reservoirs and U tube are 51mm and 6.5mm , respectively. If the reading of the manometer is145mm., what is the pressure difference over the instrument In meters of water, (a) when the change in the level in the reservoirs is neglected, (b) when the change in the levels in the reservoirs is taken into account? What is the percent error in the answer to the part (a)? Solution： pa=1000kg/m3 pc=815kg/m3 pb=0.77kg/m3 D/d=8 R=0.145m When the pressure difference between two reservoirs is increased, the volumetric changes in the reservoirs and U tubes (1) so (2) and hydrostatic equilibrium gives following relationship (3) so (4) substituting the equation (2) for x into equation (4) gives (5) （a）when the change in the level in the reservoirs is neglected, （b）when the change in the levels in the reservoirs is taken into account error= 1.4 There are two U-tube manometers fixed on the fluid bed reactor, as shown in the figure. The readings of two U-tube manometers are R1=400mm，R2=50mm, respectively. TTry to calculate the pressure at point A and B. Solution: There is a gaseous mixture in the U-tube manometer meter. The densities of fluids are denoted by , respectively. The pressure at point A is given by hydrostatic equilibrium is small and negligible in comparison withand ρH2O , equation above can be simplified = =1000×9.81×0.05+13600×9.81×0.05 =7161N/m2 =7161+13600×9.81×0.4=60527N/m 1.5 Water discharges from the reservoir through the drainpipe, which the throat diameter is d. The rati