信息科学与电子工程专业英语Lecture09研讨.ppt

* 11 A lumped system is one that is composed of finite nonzero elements satisfying ordinary differential or difference equation relationships, as opposed to a distributed system, satisfying partial differential equation relationships.3 集总系统是由有限非零元素构成，满足常微分（或差分）方程的系统，与满足偏微分方程的分布式系统相对应。 * 12 The standard form for numerical processing of a digital signal is the binary number system. The binary number system makes use only of the values 0 and 1 to represent all possible numbers. 数字信号的数字处理的标准形式是二进制数字系统。二进制数字系统仅使用0和1来表示所有的可能值。 * 12 The number of levels m that can be represented by a number having n binary digits (bits) is given by Conversely, if m is the number of possible levels required, the number of bits required is the smallest integer greater than or equal to log2 m.4 m = 2n m值可用n位二进制数字来表示，m= 2n。反过来，如果m是要求的等级数，所需的比特数是大于等于log2 m的最小整数。 * 13 The process by which digital signal processing is achieved will be illustrated by a simplified system in which the signal is assumed to vary from 0 to 7 volts and in which 8 possible levels (at 1 V increments) are used for the binary numbers.5 实现数字处理的过程将用一个简化系统来说明，假定信号在0V到7V之间变化，以1V为增量，用8种可能的值表示成二进制数。 * 13 A block diagram is shown in Figure 9.1, and some waveforms of interest are shown in Figure 9.2. The signal is first passed through a continuous-time presampling filter whose function will be discussed later. Pre-sampling filter Sampler and A/D converter Digital signal processor D/A converter and filters Analog signal in Analog signal out 000 010 011 111 111 110 100 011 001 8T 0 T 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T 7T t 8T 0 T 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T 7T t x(t) and quantized samples 图9-1显示了方框图，图9-2画出了我们所感兴趣的一些波形。首先，信号通过连续时间的预采样滤波器，稍后我们将讨论它的函数。 * 13 The signal is then read at intervals of T seconds by a sampler. These samples must then be quantized to one of the standard levels. Although there are different strategies employed in the quantization process, one common approach, which will be assumed here, is that a sample is assigned to the nearest level. T