北京大学物理学院-第3章-原子和分子.1预案.ppt

第三章 原子和分子 概述 Cubical Box Exercise Consider a 3D cubic box: Show energies and label (nx,ny,nz) for the first 11 states of the particle in the 3D box, and write the degeneracy, D, for each allowed energy. Define Eo= h2/8mL2. Solution Consider a 3D cubic box: Show energies and label (nx,ny,nz) for the first 11 states of the particle in the 3D box, and write the degeneracy, D, for each allowed energy. Define Eo= h2/8mL2. Act 1 Solution Non-cubic Box Consider a non-cubic box: The box is stretched along the y-direction. What will happen to the energy levels?Define E0= h2/8mL12 Solution Consider a non-cubic box: The box is stretched along the y-direction. What will happen to the energy levels?Define E0= h2/8mL12 氢原子基态波函数 Hydrogen Atom States: Summary Hydrogen Atom States: Summary Optical Transitions between Atomic Levels Allowed Transitions for H Question : Optical Transitions in Hydrogen Solution Question Solution The Stern-Gerlach Experiment 斯特恩-格拉赫实验 1943年诺贝尔物理奖 Back to the Stern-Gerlach Experiment Example: Nuclear Spin and MRI Solution 3.泡利不相容原理 Filling the atomic orbitals according to the Pauli Principle 穿透效应 19世纪人类对原子的认识取得了重大进展, 首先是元素周期律的发现, 这是科学史上一个重要的里程碑。 真正完成周期律的是门捷列夫，他是俄罗斯人和蒙古人的混血儿。他长期致力于元素化学性质与原子量关系的研究。他根据原子量的大小排列元素，又给当时尚未发现的元素留下了恰当的空位。由此得到的周期表，从前到后表现出极好的周期性。 小 结 Question Solution Question Solution 自旋的应用 /qmatomrad Perhaps, do /qmatomrad http://www.if.ufrgs.br/~betz/quantum/SGPeng.htm The Pauli exclusion principle applies to all fermions in all situations (not just to electrons in atoms). Consider electrons in a 2-dimensional infinite square well potential. 1. How many electrons can be in the first excited energy level? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 2. If there are 4 electrons in the well, what is the energy of the most energetic one (ignoring e-e interactions, and assuming the total energy is as low as possible)? a. (h2/8mL2) x 2b. (h2/8mL2) x 5c. (h2/8mL2) x 10 Two electrons are in the (1,1) state, and two are in the (2,1) or (1,2) state.