现代英语词汇学3(二讲修改稿)解释.ppt

Chapter 3(构词法) 3.1 General Remark 概述 3.2 Compounding 复合构词法 3.3 Derivation 派生构词法 3.3.1 Prefixation 加前缀 3.3.2 Suffixation 加后缀 3.4 Conversion 词类转换法 The differences between “root”, “stem” and “base”? Root/ 词根: is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology Stem/ 词干: the part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. Base/ 词基: any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. undesirables = un + desire + able + s Base: desirable → desire (base) undesirable → desirable (base) undesirables → undesirable (base) Base/词基: any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. 2) denationalized denationalized = de + nation + al + ize + d Root: nation Stem: denationalize Base: national → nation nationalize → national denationalize → nationalize denationalized → denationalize desirable: desire (root or base, not stem) undesirable: desirable (base, not root, not stem) undesirables: undesirable (stem or base, not root) desired: desire (root, stem or base) 3.2 Compounding 复合构词法 Questions: 1. What is compounding? 2. What are the relative criteria of a compound? 3. The classification of compounding? What is compounding? Compounding / composition: a word-formation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit. e.g. flowerpot= flower + pot machine-independent = machine + independent back The relative criteria of a compound 1. Orthographic criterion: Compounds are written in three ways, that is, solid, hyphenated and open. E.g. flowerpot