高考英语二轮完形填空考点解析议论文2.doc

2011届高考英语二轮专题复习学案：专题二 完形填空之议论文（3）（新课标） 三、议论文 【体裁诠释】 议论文是高考完形填空中较难的文章。议论文由三个要素组成：论点、论据、论证。有着较强的说教目的和一定的语言深度。 议论文完形填空的特点：结构清晰、脉络有序。 ①有些议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。 ②还有些议论文先叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点。然后再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。 ③此外，也有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，而不表明自己的观点，然后通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。 抓住论点是理解议论文的关键所在。 可以从以下几个角度寻找或概括中心论点：分析论点所在的位置。①题目。有的文章题目本身就是中心论点；②开头。有的文章在开头直接提出中心论点，然后逐层论述；③中间。有的文章在论述过程中提出中心论点，这种情况较少；④结尾。有的文章通过论述，在文章结尾处归纳出全文的中心论点。 论据是论点赖以存在的根据，一般分为事实论据和道理论据。阅读议论文，要学会分析论点与论据的关系、论据在证明论点时所起的作用。事实论据，应该分析作者所提供的事实，从事实中发现道理，再验证它与作者的论点的逻辑关系。道理论据，应该从道理论据出发联系和道理对应的事实，来验证这些道理如何证明论点。 要做好高考完形填空中的议论文，最主要的是要抓住作者议论的中心，也就是要理清文章的论点、论据和论证。 【典例探究】 （2010·广东卷） Every country has its own culture. Even though each country uses doors, doors may have_ 21 __functions and purposes which lead to ___22__ differences. When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different__23___ and they had distinct functions. You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to_ 24____the building. This was new to me, because we use the ____25__ door in South Korea. For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed. The way of using school bus doors was also ____26__ to me .I used to take the school bus to classes. The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, ___27 _who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on __ 28_ . In South Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning, I hurried to the bus, and when the bus doors opened, I___ 29____tried to get on the school bus through the front door. All the students around looked at me, I was totally_ 30 _ _,and my face went red. 21. A. different B. important C. practical D. unusual 22. A. national B. embarrassing C. cultural