最大加工工件直径为500毫米数控机床主传动系统机械CAD图纸设计.doc

摘 要 本课题首先主要介绍我国数控机床的发展得过程与现状，并分析其存在的问题，对数控机床的发展趋势进行探讨，并对数控机床主轴箱进行了设计和计算。 主轴箱由安装在精密轴承上的空心主轴和一系列的变速出伦组成。数控机床能获得在调速范围内的任意切削速度，以满足零件的切削要求。 目前，数控机床的发展趋势是通过电气与机械装置进行无级调速。变频电机通过带传动和变速齿轮为主轴提供动力，通常变频电机的调速范围为3-5，不能满足主轴的变速要求，需串联变速箱以扩大其变速范围。 本设计将原来的带轮不卸荷结构设计为带轮卸荷机构，使输入轴在带轮出只受转矩将轴上的径向力传递到箱体，改善输入轴的受力情况。 关键字：  Abstract In this design,the development and current siuuation of NC machine in china was introduced ang a series of ploblems were presented.The development trend to NC lathe was discussed.some countermeasures was presented for the development of NC machine in china and the headstock has been designeg.headstocks is composed of the hollow spindle which is installed in precision bearings and a series of transmission gears. The spindle can obtain any speed in the speed range to meet the processing requirements of cutting. At present,the development treng is to provide a continuously variable speed through the electrical or mechanical devices.Variable frequency motou conveys the power through belt drive ang a set of transmission gears.The speed range requirements of the spindle speed;The transmission gears is to expand the scope of a variable-speed to meet the speed range of the spindle. In addition,in this design of the belt drives has been changed from the original unloading structure into the loading structure,transmissed the force to the lathe body so that input shaft in only forced torque,improved the forcing state of the shaft. Key words： main drive system； step speed changing； spindle unit 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 1 引 言 1 1.1 本课题的研究背景和意义 1 1.2 本课题的国内外研究现状 1 1.3 本课题研究方法和系统论述 2 1.4 本课题的设计内容概述 3 2 数控机床主传动系统设计 4 2.1 主传动系统的设计要求 4 2.2 主传动系统的参数设计 5 2.3 主传动系统的总体设计 6 2.3.1 无级变速与数控机床主传动系统设计 7 2.3.2 主传动系统的运动设计 9 2.4 带传动设计 17 3 数控机床主轴组件设计 23 3.1 主轴组件设计的基本要求 23 3.2 主轴轴承的选择 24 3.3 主轴设计 26 3.4 主轴组件设计 27 3.5 提高主轴组件性能的措施 29 4 数控机床自动送夹料机构设计 31 4.1 自动送夹料机构的设计目的 31 4.2 夹料机构设计 31 4.3 送料机构设计 33 5 其它机构设计 34 5.1 操纵机构设计 34 5.2 润滑机构设计 36 6 机床主要零件的验算 39 6.1 传动轴的验算 39