语法--比较汇编.doc

形容词和副词的比较结构 大多数形容词和副词可分等级，即原级（positive degree），比较级(comparative degree)和最高级(superlative degree). BOOK 3-p164 1. 比较结构有交换使用的可能，如： e. g. John is less stupid than Bob (is). John is not as /so stupid as Bob (is). John is cleverer than Bob (is). （比较分句中省略了第一分句中相同的成分） e. g. John is the oldest boy in the school. John is older than any other boy in the school. (只有在进行不同质的比较时，比较分句才以完整的句子形式出现) e. g. He is as brave as he is quick-witted. 2. 比较结构前可以用程度状语加以修饰，如as … as 前可以用almost, nearly, just (about), quite等修饰。 e. g. This week has been almost as rainy as last week. more than结构前可以用(so) very much, (quite) a lot, a great deal, (just) a bit, somewhat, still, far等词语修饰 e.g This job is so much harder than my last one that I’ve decided to quit. 3. 比较结构与名词搭配时，名词可能有三种位置 3.1 将名词置于比较结构中间，也可将比较结构作后置修饰语置于名词后，如as… as或more than结构与单数可数名词或不可数名词搭配： George is as efficient a worker as Jack. (注意a的位置) George is a worker as efficient as Jack. Our neighbors have a much larger house than ours. Our neighbor have a house much larger than ours. (ours 而不是our) 3.2 比较结构中的more, less等词为限定词，或as many… as, as much … as, 或as much of a …, more /less of a …than 结构中名词只能置于比较结构中间 e. g. George did more work than anyone else. There is much less difficulty than I thought. We can let you have as many copies as you need. He is more of a sportsman than his brother. 2005—59 Do you know Tim’s brother? He is __________ than Tim. A. much more sportsman B. more of a sportsman C. more of sportsman D. more a sportsman much of a 表示“很好的…”，相当于a very good… 3.3 在the more… the more… 中前一个the more为从属分句，后一个the more… 为主句，从句在前，主句在后。这种结构往往有省略: e. g. The sooner this is done, the better. The higher the temperature, the faster the liquid evaporates. 2005-57 The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, _____ to the truck. A. the greater stress is B. greater is the stress C. the stress is greater D. the greater the stress (is省略了) 3.4 more than 结构 3.4.1 The living room is larger than the dining ro