桩土界面特性及其对灌注桩竖向承载性状影响的试验研究和数值分析.pdfVIP

摘 要 钻孔灌注桩施工一般均采用泥浆护壁，泥浆水位一般是高于地下水位的，泥 浆中的粘粒就会吸附在土壁上并在水压力作用下向土体内部渗透，这样在孔壁上 就形成泥皮。泥皮具有表面润滑，含水量高，压缩性低，强度低等特点，降低桩 土间的摩擦阻力，从而影响桩基的竖向承载性状。本文通过试验和数值分析两方 面研究泥皮对桩基竖向承载力的影响规律。 本文通过自行研制的大型应力式直剪仪，研究混凝土面上泥皮、凸面和凹面 等因素对界面力学特性的影响规律。试验结果表明：泥皮的存在降低了桩-土界 面的强度，降低量随法向应力的变化变幅很小；凸面的存在提高桩-土界面的强 度，提高量随法向应力的增加而减小；凹面的存在使得桩-土界面强度值有所提 高，但程度很小，并且其增量随法向应力的变化不明显。 本文通过现场模型试验，探讨了泥皮对灌注桩竖向承载力的影响规律。试验 结果表明：泥皮对单桩竖向承载性状的影响在低荷载下可以忽略不计，当荷载超 过一定值时，泥皮使得单桩竖向沉降增大，且随着荷载的增加，沉降增量也增加； 泥皮的存在，降低了单桩竖向承载力，降低幅度约 15%。 本文通过大型有限元软件 ABAQUS 建立含泥皮的三维灌注桩模型，分析了 含泥皮灌注桩和正常桩承载特性的差异及其原因，同时研究泥皮厚度、弹性模量、 强度指标、界面强度指标对桩基竖向承载力的影响规律。分析结果表明：泥皮降 低了桩-土界面的摩擦阻力，从而减小了单桩的竖向承载力。泥皮厚度的增加及 弹性模量的减小，主要是降低了桩-土界面的法向应力，从而减小桩基的竖向承 载力；桩侧极限侧摩阻力值是桩-泥皮界面强度和桩侧泥皮强度的较小者，桩- 泥皮界面内摩擦角及粘聚力和泥皮内摩擦角及粘聚力对桩基竖向承载性状的影 响主要表现在对桩侧极限摩阻力的影响。 关键词：泥皮；大型直剪仪；界面力学特性；模型试验；ABAQUS ABSTRACT Mud is used for protecting the soil wall in the construction of bored piles, mud is generally higher than the groundwater, clay particles in the mud are attracted to the soil wall and permeated to the soil under the water pressure, which mud is formed on the soil wall. Mud with surface lubrication, high moisture content, low compression and low intensity, reduce frictional resistance between pile-soil, which affecting the vertical bearing behavior of pile foundation. This article mainly via the way of experimental and numerical analysis to studies how effect on vertical bearing capacity of pile foundation by mud. This article by the large stress type direct shear apparatus, which is developed by ourselves, research on what the effect of mechanical properties of interface between soil and concrete surface, which existing mud, convex surface and concave surface. The test results shows that: mud of exists reduce the strength of interface between soil and pile, and the degree of diminution is small with the cha