9 群落的动态.pptVIP

9 群落的动态Community Dynamics;9 群落的动态 Community Dynamics;[教学目的] 了解生物群落动态包括的3个方面；了解生物群落的内部动态；理解并掌握演替、定居及一些相关的概念；裸地的类型；了解生物群落的演替的类型；了解和掌握水生演替系列和旱生演替系列的过程；理解并掌握控制演替的几种主要因素；演替方向；了解演替过程的理论模型；掌握演替顶级概念及有关演替顶级的3种理论。 [教学重点与难点] 1、群落波动的意义； 2、原生裸地与次生裸地的不同； 3、水生演替系列与旱生演替系列的过程； 4、演替顶级理论； 5、演替、定居、进展演替、逆行演替、单元顶级论、气候顶级、多元顶级论概念。 [学时数] 1 ;9 群落的动态;9.1 生物群落的内部动态;波动的类型;9.2 生物群落的演替;Succession;Succession;heath mat 石南丛 jack pine 短叶松 black spruce 黑云杉 aspen 白杨 balsam fir 香脂冷杉 paper birch纸皮桦 white spruce 白云杉 hickory 山胡桃树;群落形成的条件;9.2.2 演替的类型 Succession Types;9.2.2 演替的类型;9.2.3 演替系列 Sere;Sere;水生演替系列 hydrosere;旱生演替系列 Xerosere;Glacier Bay冰河港, Alaska.;liverwort 叶苔，地钱;Change in woody plant species richness during secondary forest succession in eastern North America (data from Oosting 1942).;Succession in the intertidal zone involves colonization and competition for limited space among species as different as attached marine algae附着海藻, sea anemones海葵, mussels贻贝, and barnacles藤壶.;Succession in number of macroinvertebrate and macroalgae species on intertidal boulders (data from Sousa 1979a).;Algal species diversity during succession in Sycamore Creek, Arizona (data from Fisher et al. 1982).;Invertebrate species diversity during succession in Sycamore Creek, Arizona (data from Fisher et al. 1982).;Soil building during primary succession at Glacier Bay, Alaska (data from Chapin et al. 1994). alder 桤木 spruce 云杉;bulk density 容积密度, 单位容积重量, 松密度(燃料混合气的), 体积重量, 计算密度;Succession following deforestation and nutrient retention养分保持 (data from Likens et al. 1978).;aggradation 加积作用;Changes in biomass during stream succession (data from Fisher et al, 1982).;Ecosystem processes during succession in Sycamore Creek, Arizona (data from Fisher et al, 1982).;Nitrogen retention during stream succession (data from Grimm 1987).;9.2.4 控制演替的几种主要因素 ;9.2.5 演替方向;9.2.6 演替过程的理论模型 ;Connell和Slatyer的演替模型;Connell和Slatyer的演替模型;Connell和Slatyer的演替模型;其他演替模型;其他演替模型;Alternative successional mechanisms (data from Connell and Slatyer 1977).;Eviden