2012届高考英语二轮专题复习：精品语法部分之定语从句.docVIP

PAGE  2012届高考英语二轮专题复习精品语法部分之定语从句 定语从句是由先行词+关系代词/关系副词引导的从句构成。 所谓的先行词，其实就是汉语中被修饰的中心词。我们称它为先行词，是因为它的位置跟汉语中的位置是不一样的。一般来说汉语句子中喜欢把把作修饰的定语成分放在被修饰的中心词之前。而英语中，如果是单个形容词修饰，可以放在中心词之前；如果是短语或句子（从句），则要放在他们所修饰的中心词之后，也就是说要后置。也就是这样的结构，中心词+句子（作定语成分起修饰作用）。入乡随俗，人家英国人对此有自己的称呼，“中心词”先行词，因为放在修饰成分之前。（先锋官）；“句子（作定语成分起修饰作用）”，被称为定语从句。 先行词可以是单个名词，名词短语，或者是句子。 关系代词： that (表人, 表物，在从句中作主语或宾语)； who (表人, 在从句中作主语)；whom (表人, 在从句中作宾语) which (表物，在从句中作主语或宾语) whose (从句中作定语) 关系副词： when (表时间); where(表地点) 定语从句是复合句的一种。复合句就是由两个或以上的句子组成，当然其中有组合规则，即所谓的语法规则。 I have a goose.??? The goose lays eight gold eggs every day. 我有一只鹅。???? 这只鹅每天下8个金蛋。 我有一只每天下8个金蛋的鹅。 I have a goose the goose lays eight eggs every day.? ( F ) I have a goose that/which lays eight eggs every day.? ( T ) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. The man who told me this refused to give me his name． The book is about a girl who falls in love with an ugly but talented boy. The noise that he made woke everybody up． She was annoyed by something that I had said． 定语从句分为：限制性定语从句， 非限制性定语从句。两者区别在于逗号，先行词和从句之间有逗号的为非限制性定语从句； 没逗号的为限制性定语从句。 非限定性关系从句位于确定的名词之后。因此它对这类名词不作限定性描述，仅对该词作进一步说明作为补充而已。它不同于限定性关系从句，在句中并非必不可少，即使省略也不会引起意义上的混乱。它不同于限定性关系从句之处还在于它与被说明的名词之间用逗号隔开。非限定性关系从句中的关系代词绝对不能省略。这种句子结构相当正规，在书面语中用得比口语中多。 非限定性关系从句中不能用that作关系代词，而且作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。 My neighbour，who is very pessimistic，says there will be no apples this year． Peter，who had been driving all day，suggested stopping at the next town． Peter，whom everyone suspected，turned out to be innocent． She introduced me to her husband，whom I hadn’t met before． The 8∶15 train，which is usually very punctual，was late today． She gave me this sweater，which she had knitted herself． Whose? 表示所有格，说明先行词和从句的名词有关系，所有/属关系。 The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him． Ann，whose children are at school all day，is trying to get a job． This is George，whose class you will be taking. His house whose walls were made of glass costs him 20000 pounds. She heard a terrible noise , _______ broug