2012届高考英语二轮专题复习：精品语法部分之虚拟语气.docVIP

PAGE  2012届高考英语二轮专题复习精品语法部分之虚拟语气 语气的种类：英语句子中谓语动词的语气有四种：1. 直陈语气（The Indicative Mood）直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态： e.g. He has published quite a number of essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论文。2. 祈使语气（The Imperative Mood）祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等： e.g. Wait outside until you are asked . 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。 Lets just take a break, shall we ? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？3. 疑问语气( the interrogative mood ) ：用来提出问题 e.g. Where are from ? 虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。 e.g. I wish you were more careful .但愿你更细心一些。If I had more money, I would buy a bigger apartment.我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。Would you mind shutting the door ? 劳驾您把门关上。 虚拟语气的种类：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多；条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 真实性条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生,各种结构如下： 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形 祈使句 情态动词一般现在时 e.g. If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来，会带小提琴来的。 典型例题:The volleyball match will be put off if it___. A.　will rain　 B. rains　 C. rained　 D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 注意：1. 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. （错） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. （对） If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2. 表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall （will） +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式 非真实条件句 虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移 虚拟语气表 时间从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设一般过去时（ be 用were）Would / should / could / might / ought to + 动词原形If they werehere, they would help you. if we had enough money , we would buy a computer . if I were you , I wouldn’t do it . if it rained tomorrow , we’d stay at home . it would be odd if she were awarded the first prize .与过去事实相反的假设过去完成时Should / would / could / might + have+ 过去分词If he had come yesterday, I should have told him about it. if I had been in her position I’d have quit . if the weather hadn’t been so bad , we might have gone out . if he had apologized , you should have do